Synopsis
********

ffmpeg [GLOBAL_OPTIONS] {[INPUT_FILE_OPTIONS] -i input_url} ... {[OUTPUT_FILE_OPTIONS] output_url} ...

Description
***********

ffmpeg is a universal media converter. It can read a wide variety of inputs - including live grabbing/recording devices - filter, and transcode them into a plethora of output formats.

ffmpeg reads from an arbitrary number of inputs (which can be regular files, pipes, network streams, grabbing devices, etc.), specified by the -i option, and writes to an arbitrary number of outputs, which are specified by a plain output url. Anything found on the command line which cannot be interpreted as an option is considered to be an output url.

Each input or output can, in principle, contain any number of elementary streams of different types (video/audio/subtitle/attachment/data), though the allowed stream counts and/or types may be limited by the container format. Selecting which streams from which inputs will go into which output is either done automatically or with the -map option (see the Stream selection chapter).

To refer to inputs/outputs in options, you must use their indices (0-based). E.g. the first input is 0, the second is 1, etc. Similarly, streams within an input/output are referred to by their indices. E.g. 2:3 refers to the fourth stream in the third input or output. Also see the Stream specifiers chapter.

As a general rule, options are applied to the next specified file. Therefore, order is important, and you can have the same option on the command line multiple times. Each occurrence is then applied to the next input or output file. Exceptions from this rule are the global options (e.g. verbosity level), which should be specified first.

Do not mix input and output files -- first specify all input files, then all output files. Also do not mix options which belong to different files. All options apply ONLY to the next input or output file and are reset between files.

Some simple examples follow.

  * Convert an input media file to a different format, by re-encoding media streams:

          ffmpeg -i input.avi output.mp4

  * Set the video bitrate of the output file to 64 kbit/s:

          ffmpeg -i input.avi -b:v 64k -bufsize 64k output.mp4

  * Force the frame rate of the output file to 24 fps:

          ffmpeg -i input.avi -r 24 output.mp4

  * Force the frame rate of the input file (valid for raw formats only) to 1 fps and the frame rate of the output file to 24 fps:

          ffmpeg -r 1 -i input.m2v -r 24 output.mp4

The format option may be needed for raw input files.

Detailed description
********************

ffmpeg builds a transcoding pipeline out of the components listed below. The program's operation then consists of input data chunks flowing from the sources down the pipes towards the sinks, while being transformed by the components they encounter along the way.

The following kinds of components are available:

  * Demuxers (short for "demultiplexers") read an input source in order to extract

       * global properties such as metadata or chapters;

       * list of input elementary streams and their properties

     One demuxer instance is created for each -i option, and sends encoded packets to decoders or muxers.

     In other literature, demuxers are sometimes called splitters, because their main function is splitting a file into elementary streams (though some files only contain one elementary stream).

     A schematic representation of a demuxer looks like this:
     ┌──────────┬───────────────────────┐
     │ demuxer  │                       │ packets for stream 0
     ╞══════════╡ elementary stream 0   ├──────────────────────►
     │          │                       │
     │  global  ├───────────────────────┤
     │properties│                       │ packets for stream 1
     │   and    │ elementary stream 1   ├──────────────────────►
     │ metadata │                       │
     │          ├───────────────────────┤
     │          │                       │
     │          │     ...........       │
     │          │                       │
     │          ├───────────────────────┤
     │          │                       │ packets for stream N
     │          │ elementary stream N   ├──────────────────────►
     │          │                       │
     └──────────┴───────────────────────┘
          ▲
          │
          │ read from file, network stream,
          │     grabbing device, etc.
          │

  * Decoders receive encoded (compressed) packets for an audio, video, or subtitle elementary stream, and decode them into raw frames (arrays of pixels for video, PCM for audio). A decoder is typically associated with (and receives its input from) an elementary stream in a demuxer, but sometimes may also exist on its own (see Loopback decoders).

     A schematic representation of a decoder looks like this:
               ┌─────────┐
      packets  │         │ raw frames
     ─────────►│ decoder ├────────────►
               │         │
               └─────────┘

  * Filtergraphs process and transform raw audio or video frames. A filtergraph consists of one or more individual filters linked into a graph. Filtergraphs come in two flavors - simple and complex, configured with the -filter and -filter_complex options, respectively.

     A simple filtergraph is associated with an output elementary stream; it receives the input to be filtered from a decoder and sends filtered output to that output stream's encoder.

     A simple video filtergraph that performs deinterlacing (using the yadif deinterlacer) followed by resizing (using the scale filter) can look like this:

                  ┌────────────────────────┐
                  │  simple filtergraph    │
      frames from ╞════════════════════════╡ frames for
      a decoder   │  ┌───────┐  ┌───────┐  │ an encoder
     ────────────►├─►│ yadif ├─►│ scale ├─►│────────────►
                  │  └───────┘  └───────┘  │
                  └────────────────────────┘

     A complex filtergraph is standalone and not associated with any specific stream. It may have multiple (or zero) inputs, potentially of different types (audio or video), each of which receiving data either from a decoder or another complex filtergraph's output. It also has one or more outputs that feed either an encoder or another complex filtergraph's input.

     The following example diagram represents a complex filtergraph with 3 inputs and 2 outputs (all video):
               ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
               │               complex filtergraph               │
               ╞═════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
      frames   ├───────┐  ┌─────────┐      ┌─────────┐  ┌────────┤ frames
     ─────────►│input 0├─►│ overlay ├─────►│ overlay ├─►│output 0├────────►
               ├───────┘  │         │      │         │  └────────┤
      frames   ├───────┐╭►│         │    ╭►│         │           │
     ─────────►│input 1├╯ └─────────┘    │ └─────────┘           │
               ├───────┘                 │                       │
      frames   ├───────┐ ┌─────┐ ┌─────┬─╯              ┌────────┤ frames
     ─────────►│input 2├►│scale├►│split├───────────────►│output 1├────────►
               ├───────┘ └─────┘ └─────┘                └────────┤
               └─────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
     Frames from second input are overlaid over those from the first. Frames from the third input are rescaled, then the duplicated into two identical streams. One of them is overlaid over the combined first two inputs, with the result exposed as the filtergraph's first output. The other duplicate ends up being the filtergraph's second output.

  * Encoders receive raw audio, video, or subtitle frames and encode them into encoded packets. The encoding (compression) process is typically lossy - it degrades stream quality to make the output smaller; some encoders are lossless, but at the cost of much higher output size. A video or audio encoder receives its input from some filtergraph's output, subtitle encoders receive input from a decoder (since subtitle filtering is not supported yet). Every encoder is associated with some muxer's output elementary stream and sends its output to that muxer.

     A schematic representation of an encoder looks like this:
                  ┌─────────┐
      raw frames  │         │ packets
     ────────────►│ encoder ├─────────►
                  │         │
                  └─────────┘

  * Muxers (short for "multiplexers") receive encoded packets for their elementary streams from encoders (the transcoding path) or directly from demuxers (the streamcopy path), interleave them (when there is more than one elementary stream), and write the resulting bytes into the output file (or pipe, network stream, etc.).

     A schematic representation of a muxer looks like this:
                            ┌──────────────────────┬───────────┐
      packets for stream 0  │                      │   muxer   │
     ──────────────────────►│  elementary stream 0 ╞═══════════╡
                            │                      │           │
                            ├──────────────────────┤  global   │
      packets for stream 1  │                      │properties │
     ──────────────────────►│  elementary stream 1 │   and     │
                            │                      │ metadata  │
                            ├──────────────────────┤           │
                            │                      │           │
                            │     ...........      │           │
                            │                      │           │
                            ├──────────────────────┤           │
      packets for stream N  │                      │           │
     ──────────────────────►│  elementary stream N │           │
                            │                      │           │
                            └──────────────────────┴─────┬─────┘
                                                         │
                          write to file, network stream, │
                              grabbing device, etc.      │
                                                         │
                                                         ▼

Streamcopy
==========

The simplest pipeline in ffmpeg is single-stream streamcopy, that is copying one input elementary stream's packets without decoding, filtering, or encoding them. As an example, consider an input file called INPUT.mkv with 3 elementary streams, from which we take the second and write it to file OUTPUT.mp4. A schematic representation of such a pipeline looks like this:
┌──────────┬─────────────────────┐
│ demuxer  │                     │ unused
╞══════════╡ elementary stream 0 ├────────╳
│          │                     │
│INPUT.mkv ├─────────────────────┤          ┌──────────────────────┬───────────┐
│          │                     │ packets  │                      │   muxer   │
│          │ elementary stream 1 ├─────────►│  elementary stream 0 ╞═══════════╡
│          │                     │          │                      │OUTPUT.mp4 │
│          ├─────────────────────┤          └──────────────────────┴───────────┘
│          │                     │ unused
│          │ elementary stream 2 ├────────╳
│          │                     │
└──────────┴─────────────────────┘

The above pipeline can be constructed with the following commandline:

     ffmpeg -i INPUT.mkv -map 0:1 -c copy OUTPUT.mp4

In this commandline

  * there is a single input INPUT.mkv;

  * there are no input options for this input;

  * there is a single output OUTPUT.mp4;

  * there are two output options for this output:

       * -map 0:1 selects the input stream to be used - from input with index 0 (i.e. the first one) the stream with index 1 (i.e. the second one);

       * -c copy selects the copy encoder, i.e. streamcopy with no decoding or encoding.

Streamcopy is useful for changing the elementary stream count, container format, or modifying container-level metadata. Since there is no decoding or encoding, it is very fast and there is no quality loss. However, it might not work in some cases because of a variety of factors (e.g. certain information required by the target container is not available in the source). Applying filters is obviously also impossible, since filters work on decoded frames.

More complex streamcopy scenarios can be constructed - e.g. combining streams from two input files into a single output:
┌──────────┬────────────────────┐         ┌────────────────────┬───────────┐
│ demuxer 0│                    │ packets │                    │   muxer   │
╞══════════╡elementary stream 0 ├────────►│elementary stream 0 ╞═══════════╡
│INPUT0.mkv│                    │         │                    │OUTPUT.mp4 │
└──────────┴────────────────────┘         ├────────────────────┤           │
┌──────────┬────────────────────┐         │                    │           │
│ demuxer 1│                    │ packets │elementary stream 1 │           │
╞══════════╡elementary stream 0 ├────────►│                    │           │
│INPUT1.aac│                    │         └────────────────────┴───────────┘
└──────────┴────────────────────┘
that can be built by the commandline

     ffmpeg -i INPUT0.mkv -i INPUT1.aac -map 0:0 -map 1:0 -c copy OUTPUT.mp4

The output -map option is used twice here, creating two streams in the output file - one fed by the first input and one by the second. The single instance of the -c option selects streamcopy for both of those streams. You could also use multiple instances of this option together with Stream specifiers to apply different values to each stream, as will be demonstrated in following sections.

A converse scenario is splitting multiple streams from a single input into multiple outputs:
┌──────────┬─────────────────────┐          ┌───────────────────┬───────────┐
│ demuxer  │                     │ packets  │                   │ muxer 0   │
╞══════════╡ elementary stream 0 ├─────────►│elementary stream 0╞═══════════╡
│          │                     │          │                   │OUTPUT0.mp4│
│INPUT.mkv ├─────────────────────┤          └───────────────────┴───────────┘
│          │                     │ packets  ┌───────────────────┬───────────┐
│          │ elementary stream 1 ├─────────►│                   │ muxer 1   │
│          │                     │          │elementary stream 0╞═══════════╡
└──────────┴─────────────────────┘          │                   │OUTPUT1.mp4│
                                            └───────────────────┴───────────┘
built with

     ffmpeg -i INPUT.mkv -map 0:0 -c copy OUTPUT0.mp4 -map 0:1 -c copy OUTPUT1.mp4

Note how a separate instance of the -c option is needed for every output file even though their values are the same. This is because non-global options (which is most of them) only apply in the context of the file before which they are placed.

These  examples can of course be further generalized into arbitrary remappings of any number of inputs into any number of outputs.

Transcoding
===========

Transcoding is the process of decoding a stream and then encoding it again. Since encoding tends to be computationally expensive and in most cases degrades the stream quality (i.e. it is lossy), you should only transcode when you need to and perform streamcopy otherwise. Typical reasons to transcode are:

  * applying filters - e.g. resizing, deinterlacing, or overlaying video; resampling or mixing audio;

  * you want to feed the stream to something that cannot decode the original codec.

Note that ffmpeg will transcode all audio, video, and subtitle streams unless you specify -c copy for them.

Consider an example pipeline that reads an input file with one audio and one video stream, transcodes the video and copies the audio into a single output file. This can be schematically represented as follows
┌──────────┬─────────────────────┐
│ demuxer  │                     │       audio packets
╞══════════╡ stream 0 (audio)    ├─────────────────────────────────────╮
│          │                     │                                     │
│INPUT.mkv ├─────────────────────┤ video    ┌─────────┐     raw        │
│          │                     │ packets  │  video  │ video frames   │
│          │ stream 1 (video)    ├─────────►│ decoder ├──────────────╮ │
│          │                     │          │         │              │ │
└──────────┴─────────────────────┘          └─────────┘              │ │
                                                                     ▼ ▼
                                                                     │ │
┌──────────┬─────────────────────┐ video    ┌─────────┐              │ │
│ muxer    │                     │ packets  │  video  │              │ │
╞══════════╡ stream 0 (video)    │◄─────────┤ encoder ├──────────────╯ │
│          │                     │          │(libx264)│                │
│OUTPUT.mp4├─────────────────────┤          └─────────┘                │
│          │                     │                                     │
│          │ stream 1 (audio)    │◄────────────────────────────────────╯
│          │                     │
└──────────┴─────────────────────┘
and implemented with the following commandline:

     ffmpeg -i INPUT.mkv -map 0:v -map 0:a -c:v libx264 -c:a copy OUTPUT.mp4

Note how it uses stream specifiers :v and :a to select input streams and apply different values of the -c option to them; see the Stream specifiers section for more details.

Filtering
=========

When transcoding, audio and video streams can be filtered before encoding, with either a simple or complex filtergraph.

Simple filtergraphs
-------------------

Simple filtergraphs are those that have exactly one input and output, both of the same type (audio or video). They are configured with the per-stream -filter option (with -vf and -af aliases for -filter:v (video) and -filter:a (audio) respectively). Note that simple filtergraphs are tied to their output stream, so e.g. if you have multiple audio streams, -af will create a separate filtergraph for each one.

Taking the transcoding example from above, adding filtering (and omitting audio, for clarity) makes it look like this:
┌──────────┬───────────────┐
│ demuxer  │               │          ┌─────────┐
╞══════════╡ video stream  │ packets  │  video  │ frames
│INPUT.mkv │               ├─────────►│ decoder ├─────►───╮
│          │               │          └─────────┘         │
└──────────┴───────────────┘                              │
                                  ╭───────────◄───────────╯
                                  │   ┌────────────────────────┐
                                  │   │  simple filtergraph    │
                                  │   ╞════════════════════════╡
                                  │   │  ┌───────┐  ┌───────┐  │
                                  ╰──►├─►│ yadif ├─►│ scale ├─►├╮
                                      │  └───────┘  └───────┘  ││
                                      └────────────────────────┘│
                                                                │
                                                                │
┌──────────┬───────────────┐ video    ┌─────────┐               │
│ muxer    │               │ packets  │  video  │               │
╞══════════╡ video stream  │◄─────────┤ encoder ├───────◄───────╯
│OUTPUT.mp4│               │          │         │
│          │               │          └─────────┘
└──────────┴───────────────┘

Complex filtergraphs
--------------------

Complex filtergraphs are those which cannot be described as simply a linear processing chain applied to one stream. This is the case, for example, when the graph has more than one input and/or output, or when output stream type is different from input. Complex filtergraphs are configured with the -filter_complex option. Note that this option is global, since a complex filtergraph, by its nature, cannot be unambiguously associated with a single stream or file. Each instance of -filter_complex creates a new complex filtergraph, and there can be any number of them.

A trivial example of a complex filtergraph is the overlay filter, which has two video inputs and one video output, containing one video overlaid on top of the other. Its audio counterpart is the amix filter.

Loopback decoders
=================

While decoders are normally associated with demuxer streams, it is also possible to create "loopback" decoders that decode the output from some encoder and allow it to be fed back to complex filtergraphs. This is done with the -dec directive, which takes as a parameter the index of the output stream that should be decoded. Every such directive creates a new loopback decoder, indexed with successive integers starting at zero. These indices should then be used to refer to loopback decoders in complex filtergraph link labels, as described in the documentation for -filter_complex.

Decoding AVOptions can be passed to loopback decoders by placing them before -dec, analogously to input/output options.

E.g. the following example:

     ffmpeg -i INPUT                                        \
       -map 0:v:0 -c:v libx264 -crf 45 -f null -            \
       -threads 3 -dec 0:0                                  \
       -filter_complex '[0:v][dec:0]hstack[stack]'          \
       -map '[stack]' -c:v ffv1 OUTPUT

reads an input video and

  * (line 2) encodes it with libx264 at low quality;

  * (line 3) decodes this encoded stream using 3 threads;

  * (line 4) places decoded video side by side with the original input video;

  * (line 5) combined video is then losslessly encoded and written into OUTPUT.

Such a transcoding pipeline can be represented with the following diagram:
┌──────────┬───────────────┐
│ demuxer  │               │   ┌─────────┐            ┌─────────┐    ┌────────────────────┐
╞══════════╡ video stream  │   │  video  │            │  video  │    │ null muxer         │
│   INPUT  │               ├──►│ decoder ├──┬────────►│ encoder ├─┬─►│(discards its input)│
│          │               │   └─────────┘  │         │(libx264)│ │  └────────────────────┘
└──────────┴───────────────┘                │         └─────────┘ │
                                 ╭───────◄──╯   ┌─────────┐       │
                                 │              │loopback │       │
                                 │ ╭─────◄──────┤ decoder ├────◄──╯
                                 │ │            └─────────┘
                                 │ │
                                 │ │
                                 │ │  ┌───────────────────┐
                                 │ │  │complex filtergraph│
                                 │ │  ╞═══════════════════╡
                                 │ │  │  ┌─────────────┐  │
                                 ╰─╫─►├─►│   hstack    ├─►├╮
                                   ╰─►├─►│             │  ││
                                      │  └─────────────┘  ││
                                      └───────────────────┘│
                                                           │
┌──────────┬───────────────┐  ┌─────────┐                  │
│ muxer    │               │  │  video  │                  │
╞══════════╡ video stream  │◄─┤ encoder ├───────◄──────────╯
│  OUTPUT  │               │  │ (ffv1)  │
│          │               │  └─────────┘
└──────────┴───────────────┘

Stream selection
****************

ffmpeg provides the -map option for manual control of stream selection in each output file. Users can skip -map and let ffmpeg perform automatic stream selection as described below. The -vn / -an / -sn / -dn options can be used to skip inclusion of video, audio, subtitle and data streams respectively, whether manually mapped or automatically selected, except for those streams which are outputs of complex filtergraphs.

Description
===========

The sub-sections that follow describe the various rules that are involved in stream selection. The examples that follow next show how these rules are applied in practice.

While every effort is made to accurately reflect the behavior of the program, FFmpeg is under continuous development and the code may have changed since the time of this writing.

Automatic stream selection
--------------------------

In the absence of any map options for a particular output file, ffmpeg inspects the output format to check which type of streams can be included in it, viz. video, audio and/or subtitles. For each acceptable stream type, ffmpeg will pick one stream, when available, from among all the inputs.

It will select that stream based upon the following criteria:

  * for video, it is the stream with the highest resolution,

  * for audio, it is the stream with the most channels,

  * for subtitles, it is the first subtitle stream found but there's a caveat. The output format's default subtitle encoder can be either text-based or image-based, and only a subtitle stream of the same type will be chosen.

In the case where several streams of the same type rate equally, the stream with the lowest index is chosen.

Data or attachment streams are not automatically selected and can only be included using -map.

Manual stream selection
-----------------------

When -map is used, only user-mapped streams are included in that output file, with one possible exception for filtergraph outputs described below.

Complex filtergraphs
--------------------

If there are any complex filtergraph output streams with unlabeled pads, they will be added to the first output file. This will lead to a fatal error if the stream type is not supported by the output format. In the absence of the map option, the inclusion of these streams leads to the automatic stream selection of their types being skipped. If map options are present, these filtergraph streams are included in addition to the mapped streams.

Complex filtergraph output streams with labeled pads must be mapped once and exactly once.

Stream handling
---------------

Stream handling is independent of stream selection, with an exception for subtitles described below. Stream handling is set via the -codec option addressed to streams within a specific output file. In particular, codec options are applied by ffmpeg after the stream selection process and thus do not influence the latter. If no -codec option is specified for a stream type, ffmpeg will select the default encoder registered by the output file muxer.

An exception exists for subtitles. If a subtitle encoder is specified for an output file, the first subtitle stream found of any type, text or image, will be included. ffmpeg does not validate if the specified encoder can convert the selected stream or if the converted stream is acceptable within the output format. This applies generally as well: when the user sets an encoder manually, the stream selection process cannot check if the encoded stream can be muxed into the output file. If it cannot, ffmpeg will abort and all output files will fail to be processed.

Examples
========

The following examples illustrate the behavior, quirks and limitations of ffmpeg's stream selection methods.

They assume the following three input files.

input file 'A.avi'
      stream 0: video 640x360
      stream 1: audio 2 channels

input file 'B.mp4'
      stream 0: video 1920x1080
      stream 1: audio 2 channels
      stream 2: subtitles (text)
      stream 3: audio 5.1 channels
      stream 4: subtitles (text)

input file 'C.mkv'
      stream 0: video 1280x720
      stream 1: audio 2 channels
      stream 2: subtitles (image)

Example: automatic stream selection
...................................

     ffmpeg -i A.avi -i B.mp4 out1.mkv out2.wav -map 1:a -c:a copy out3.mov

There are three output files specified, and for the first two, no -map options are set, so ffmpeg will select streams for these two files automatically.

out1.mkv is a Matroska container file and accepts video, audio and subtitle streams, so ffmpeg will try to select one of each type.

For video, it will select stream 0 from B.mp4, which has the highest resolution among all the input video streams.

For audio, it will select stream 3 from B.mp4, since it has the greatest number of channels.

For subtitles, it will select stream 2 from B.mp4, which is the first subtitle stream from among A.avi and B.mp4.

out2.wav accepts only audio streams, so only stream 3 from B.mp4 is selected.

For out3.mov, since a -map option is set, no automatic stream selection will occur. The -map 1:a option will select all audio streams from the second input B.mp4. No other streams will be included in this output file.

For the first two outputs, all included streams will be transcoded. The encoders chosen will be the default ones registered by each output format, which may not match the codec of the selected input streams.

For the third output, codec option for audio streams has been set to copy, so no decoding-filtering-encoding operations will occur, or can occur. Packets of selected streams shall be conveyed from the input file and muxed within the output file.

Example: automatic subtitles selection
......................................

     ffmpeg -i C.mkv out1.mkv -c:s dvdsub -an out2.mkv

Although out1.mkv is a Matroska container file which accepts subtitle streams, only a video and audio stream shall be selected. The subtitle stream of C.mkv is image-based and the default subtitle encoder of the Matroska muxer is text-based, so a transcode operation for the subtitles is expected to fail and hence the stream isn't selected. However, in out2.mkv, a subtitle encoder is specified in the command and so, the subtitle stream is selected, in addition to the video stream. The presence of -an disables audio stream selection for out2.mkv.

Example: unlabeled filtergraph outputs
......................................

     ffmpeg -i A.avi -i C.mkv -i B.mp4 -filter_complex "overlay" out1.mp4 out2.srt

A filtergraph is setup here using the -filter_complex option and consists of a single video filter. The overlay filter requires exactly two video inputs, but none are specified, so the first two available video streams are used, those of A.avi and C.mkv. The output pad of the filter has no label and so is sent to the first output file out1.mp4. Due to this, automatic selection of the video stream is skipped, which would have selected the stream in B.mp4. The audio stream with most channels viz. stream 3 in B.mp4, is chosen automatically. No subtitle stream is chosen however, since the MP4 format has no default subtitle encoder registered, and the user hasn't specified a subtitle encoder.

The 2nd output file, out2.srt, only accepts text-based subtitle streams. So, even though the first subtitle stream available belongs to C.mkv, it is image-based and hence skipped. The selected stream, stream 2 in B.mp4, is the first text-based subtitle stream.

Example: labeled filtergraph outputs
....................................

     ffmpeg -i A.avi -i B.mp4 -i C.mkv -filter_complex "[1:v]hue=s=0[outv];overlay;aresample" \
            -map '[outv]' -an        out1.mp4 \
                                     out2.mkv \
            -map '[outv]' -map 1:a:0 out3.mkv

The above command will fail, as the output pad labelled [outv] has been mapped twice. None of the output files shall be processed.

     ffmpeg -i A.avi -i B.mp4 -i C.mkv -filter_complex "[1:v]hue=s=0[outv];overlay;aresample" \
            -an        out1.mp4 \
                       out2.mkv \
            -map 1:a:0 out3.mkv

This command above will also fail as the hue filter output has a label, [outv], and hasn't been mapped anywhere.

The command should be modified as follows,

     ffmpeg -i A.avi -i B.mp4 -i C.mkv -filter_complex "[1:v]hue=s=0,split=2[outv1][outv2];overlay;aresample" \
             -map '[outv1]' -an        out1.mp4 \
                                       out2.mkv \
             -map '[outv2]' -map 1:a:0 out3.mkv

The video stream from B.mp4 is sent to the hue filter, whose output is cloned once using the split filter, and both outputs labelled. Then a copy each is mapped to the first and third output files.

The overlay filter, requiring two video inputs, uses the first two unused video streams. Those are the streams from A.avi and C.mkv. The overlay output isn't labelled, so it is sent to the first output file out1.mp4, regardless of the presence of the -map option.

The aresample filter is sent the first unused audio stream, that of A.avi. Since this filter output is also unlabelled, it too is mapped to the first output file. The presence of -an only suppresses automatic or manual stream selection of audio streams, not outputs sent from filtergraphs. Both these mapped streams shall be ordered before the mapped stream in out1.mp4.

The video, audio and subtitle streams mapped to out2.mkv are entirely determined by automatic stream selection.

out3.mkv consists of the cloned video output from the hue filter and the first audio stream from B.mp4.

Options
*******

     [file fftools-common-opts.texi not included]

Main options
============

-f FMT (input/output)
     Force input or output file format. The format is normally auto detected for input files and guessed from the file extension for output files, so this option is not needed in most cases.

-i URL (input)
     input file url

-y (global)
     Overwrite output files without asking.

-n (global)
     Do not overwrite output files, and exit immediately if a specified output file already exists.

-stream_loop NUMBER (input)
     Set number of times input stream shall be looped. Loop 0 means no loop, loop -1 means infinite loop.

-recast_media (global)
     Allow forcing a decoder of a different media type than the one detected or designated by the demuxer. Useful for decoding media data muxed as data streams.

-c[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] CODEC (input/output,per-stream)
-codec[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] CODEC (input/output,per-stream)
     Select an encoder (when used before an output file) or a decoder (when used before an input file) for one or more streams. CODEC is the name of a decoder/encoder or a special value copy (output only) to indicate that the stream is not to be re-encoded.

     For example

          ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0 -c:v libx264 -c:a copy OUTPUT

     encodes all video streams with libx264 and copies all audio streams.

     For each stream, the last matching c option is applied, so

          ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0 -c copy -c:v:1 libx264 -c:a:137 libvorbis OUTPUT

     will copy all the streams except the second video, which will be encoded with libx264, and the 138th audio, which will be encoded with libvorbis.

-t DURATION (input/output)
     When used as an input option (before -i), limit the DURATION of data read from the input file.

     When used as an output option (before an output url), stop writing the output after its duration reaches DURATION.

     DURATION must be a time duration specification, see the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual (ffmpeg-utils).

     -to and -t are mutually exclusive and -t has priority.

-to POSITION (input/output)
     Stop writing the output or reading the input at POSITION. POSITION must be a time duration specification, see the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual (ffmpeg-utils).

     -to and -t are mutually exclusive and -t has priority.

-fs LIMIT_SIZE (output)
     Set the file size limit, expressed in bytes. No further chunk of bytes is written after the limit is exceeded. The size of the output file is slightly more than the requested file size.

-ss POSITION (input/output)
     When used as an input option (before -i), seeks in this input file to POSITION. Note that in most formats it is not possible to seek exactly, so ffmpeg will seek to the closest seek point before POSITION. When transcoding and -accurate_seek is enabled (the default), this extra segment between the seek point and POSITION will be decoded and discarded. When doing stream copy or when -noaccurate_seek is used, it will be preserved.

     When used as an output option (before an output url), decodes but discards input until the timestamps reach POSITION.

     POSITION must be a time duration specification, see the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual (ffmpeg-utils).

-sseof POSITION (input)

     Like the -ss option but relative to the "end of file". That is negative values are earlier in the file, 0 is at EOF.

-isync INPUT_INDEX (input)
     Assign an input as a sync source.

     This will take the difference between the start times of the target and reference inputs and offset the timestamps of the target file by that difference. The source timestamps of the two inputs should derive from the same clock source for expected results. If copyts is set then start_at_zero must also be set. If either of the inputs has no starting timestamp then no sync adjustment is made.

     Acceptable values are those that refer to a valid ffmpeg input index. If the sync reference is the target index itself or -1, then no adjustment is made to target timestamps. A sync reference may not itself be synced to any other input.

     Default value is -1.

-itsoffset OFFSET (input)
     Set the input time offset.

     OFFSET must be a time duration specification, see the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual (ffmpeg-utils).

     The offset is added to the timestamps of the input files. Specifying a positive offset means that the corresponding streams are delayed by the time duration specified in OFFSET.

-itsscale SCALE (input,per-stream)
     Rescale input timestamps. SCALE should be a floating point number.

-timestamp DATE (output)
     Set the recording timestamp in the container.

     DATE must be a date specification, see the Date section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual (ffmpeg-utils).

-metadata[:metadata_specifier] KEY=VALUE (output,per-metadata)
     Set a metadata key/value pair.

     An optional METADATA_SPECIFIER may be given to set metadata on streams, chapters or programs. See -map_metadata documentation for details.

     This option overrides metadata set with -map_metadata. It is also possible to delete metadata by using an empty value.

     For example, for setting the title in the output file:

          ffmpeg -i in.avi -metadata title="my title" out.flv

     To set the language of the first audio stream:

          ffmpeg -i INPUT -metadata:s:a:0 language=eng OUTPUT

-disposition[:stream_specifier] VALUE (output,per-stream)
     Sets the disposition flags for a stream.

     Default value: by default, all disposition flags are copied from the input stream, unless the output stream this option applies to is fed by a complex filtergraph - in that case no disposition flags are set by default.

     VALUE is a sequence of disposition flags separated by '+' or '-'. A '+' prefix adds the given disposition, '-' removes it. If the first flag is also prefixed with '+' or '-', the resulting disposition is the default value updated by VALUE. If the first flag is not prefixed, the resulting disposition is VALUE. It is also possible to clear the disposition by setting it to 0.

     If no -disposition options were specified for an output file, ffmpeg will automatically set the 'default' disposition flag on the first stream of each type, when there are multiple streams of this type in the output file and no stream of that type is already marked as default.

     The -dispositions option lists the known disposition flags.

     For example, to make the second audio stream the default stream:

          ffmpeg -i in.mkv -c copy -disposition:a:1 default out.mkv

     To make the second subtitle stream the default stream and remove the default disposition from the first subtitle stream:

          ffmpeg -i in.mkv -c copy -disposition:s:0 0 -disposition:s:1 default out.mkv

     To add an embedded cover/thumbnail:

          ffmpeg -i in.mp4 -i IMAGE -map 0 -map 1 -c copy -c:v:1 png -disposition:v:1 attached_pic out.mp4

     To add the 'original' and remove the 'comment' disposition flag from the first audio stream without removing its other disposition flags:

          ffmpeg -i in.mkv -c copy -disposition:a:0 +original-comment out.mkv

     To remove the 'original' and add the 'comment' disposition flag to the first audio stream without removing its other disposition flags:

          ffmpeg -i in.mkv -c copy -disposition:a:0 -original+comment out.mkv

     To set only the 'original' and 'comment' disposition flags on the first audio stream (and remove its other disposition flags):

          ffmpeg -i in.mkv -c copy -disposition:a:0 original+comment out.mkv

     To remove all disposition flags from the first audio stream:

          ffmpeg -i in.mkv -c copy -disposition:a:0 0 out.mkv

     Not all muxers support embedded thumbnails, and those who do, only support a few formats, like JPEG or PNG.

-program [title=TITLE:][program_num=PROGRAM_NUM:]st=STREAM[:st=STREAM...] (output)

     Creates a program with the specified TITLE, PROGRAM_NUM and adds the specified STREAM(s) to it.

-stream_group [map=INPUT_FILE_ID=STREAM_GROUP][type=TYPE:]st=STREAM[:st=STREAM][:stg=STREAM_GROUP][:id=STREAM_GROUP_ID...] (output)

     Creates a stream group of the specified TYPE and STREAM_GROUP_ID, or by MAPping an input group, adding the specified STREAM(s) and/or previously defined STREAM_GROUP(s) to it.

     TYPE can be one of the following:

     iamf_audio_element
          Groups STREAMs that belong to the same IAMF Audio Element

          For this group TYPE, the following options are available

          audio_element_type
               The Audio Element type. The following values are supported:

               channel
                    Scalable channel audio representation

               scene
                    Ambisonics representation

          demixing
               Demixing information used to reconstruct a scalable channel audio representation. This option must be separated from the rest with a ',', and takes the following key=value options

               parameter_id
                    An identifier parameters blocks in frames may refer to

               dmixp_mode
                    A pre-defined combination of demixing parameters

          recon_gain
               Recon gain information used to reconstruct a scalable channel audio representation. This option must be separated from the rest with a ',', and takes the following key=value options

               parameter_id
                    An identifier parameters blocks in frames may refer to

          layer
               A layer defining a Channel Layout in the Audio Element. This option must be separated from the rest with a ','. Several ',' separated entries can be defined, and at least one must be set.

               It takes the following ":"-separated key=value options

               ch_layout
                    The layer's channel layout

               flags
                    The following flags are available:

                    recon_gain
                         Whether to signal if recon_gain is present as metadata in parameter blocks within frames

               output_gain

               output_gain_flags
                    Which channels output_gain applies to. The following flags are available:

                    FL

                    FR

                    BL

                    BR

                    TFL

                    TFR

               ambisonics_mode
                    The ambisonics mode. This has no effect if audio_element_type is set to channel.

                    The following values are supported:

                    mono
                         Each ambisonics channel is coded as an individual mono stream in the group

          default_w
               Default weight value

     iamf_mix_presentation
          Groups STREAMs that belong to all IAMF Audio Element the same IAMF Mix Presentation references

          For this group TYPE, the following options are available

          submix
               A sub-mix within the Mix Presentation. This option must be separated from the rest with a ','. Several ',' separated entries can be defined, and at least one must be set.

               It takes the following ":"-separated key=value options

               parameter_id
                    An identifier parameters blocks in frames may refer to, for post-processing the mixed audio signal to generate the audio signal for playback

               parameter_rate
                    The sample rate duration fields in parameters blocks in frames that refer to this PARAMETER_ID are expressed as

               default_mix_gain
                    Default mix gain value to apply when there are no parameter blocks sharing the same PARAMETER_ID for a given frame

               element
                    References an Audio Element used in this Mix Presentation to generate the final output audio signal for playback. This option must be separated from the rest with a '|'. Several '|' separated entries can be defined, and at least one must be set.

                    It takes the following ":"-separated key=value options:

                    stg
                         The STREAM_GROUP_ID for an Audio Element which this sub-mix refers to

                    parameter_id
                         An identifier parameters blocks in frames may refer to, for applying any processing to the referenced and rendered Audio Element before being summed with other processed Audio Elements

                    parameter_rate
                         The sample rate duration fields in parameters blocks in frames that refer to this PARAMETER_ID are expressed as

                    default_mix_gain
                         Default mix gain value to apply when there are no parameter blocks sharing the same PARAMETER_ID for a given frame

                    annotations
                         A key=value string describing the sub-mix element where "key" is a string conforming to BCP-47 that specifies the language for the "value" string. "key" must be the same as the one in the mix's ANNOTATIONS

                    headphones_rendering_mode
                         Indicates whether the input channel-based Audio Element is rendered to stereo loudspeakers or spatialized with a binaural renderer when played back on headphones. This has no effect if the referenced Audio Element's AUDIO_ELEMENT_TYPE is set to channel.

                         The following values are supported:

                         stereo

                         binaural

               layout
                    Specifies the layouts for this sub-mix on which the loudness information was measured. This option must be separated from the rest with a '|'. Several '|' separated entries can be defined, and at least one must be set.

                    It takes the following ":"-separated key=value options:

                    layout_type

                         loudspeakers
                              The layout follows the loudspeaker sound system convention of ITU-2051-3.

                         binaural
                              The layout is binaural.

                    sound_system
                         Channel layout matching one of Sound Systems A to J of ITU-2051-3, plus 7.1.2 and 3.1.2 This has no effect if LAYOUT_TYPE is set to binaural.

                    integrated_loudness
                         The program integrated loudness information, as defined in ITU-1770-4.

                    digital_peak
                         The digital (sampled) peak value of the audio signal, as defined in ITU-1770-4.

                    true_peak
                         The true peak of the audio signal, as defined in ITU-1770-4.

                    dialog_anchored_loudness
                         The Dialogue loudness information, as defined in ITU-1770-4.

                    album_anchored_loudness
                         The Album loudness information, as defined in ITU-1770-4.

          annotations
               A key=value string string describing the mix where "key" is a string conforming to BCP-47 that specifies the language for the "value" string. "key" must be the same as the ones in all sub-mix element's ANNOTATIONSs

     E.g. to create an scalable 5.1 IAMF file from several WAV input files

          ffmpeg -i front.wav -i back.wav -i center.wav -i lfe.wav
          -map 0:0 -map 1:0 -map 2:0 -map 3:0 -c:a opus
          -stream_group type=iamf_audio_element:id=1:st=0:st=1:st=2:st=3,
          demixing=parameter_id=998,
          recon_gain=parameter_id=101,
          layer=ch_layout=stereo,
          layer=ch_layout=5.1(side),
          -stream_group type=iamf_mix_presentation:id=2:stg=0:annotations=en-us=Mix_Presentation,
          submix=parameter_id=100:parameter_rate=48000|element=stg=0:parameter_id=100:annotations=en-us=Scalable_Submix|layout=sound_system=stereo|layout=sound_system=5.1(side)
          -streamid 0:0 -streamid 1:1 -streamid 2:2 -streamid 3:3 output.iamf

     To copy the two stream groups (Audio Element and Mix Presentation) from an input IAMF file with four streams into an mp4 output

          ffmpeg -i input.iamf -c:a copy -stream_group map=0=0:st=0:st=1:st=2:st=3 -stream_group map=0=1:stg=0
          -streamid 0:0 -streamid 1:1 -streamid 2:2 -streamid 3:3 output.mp4

-target TYPE (output)
     Specify target file type (vcd, svcd, dvd, dv, dv50). TYPE may be prefixed with pal-, ntsc- or film- to use the corresponding standard. All the format options (bitrate, codecs, buffer sizes) are then set automatically. You can just type:

          ffmpeg -i myfile.avi -target vcd /tmp/vcd.mpg

     Nevertheless you can specify additional options as long as you know they do not conflict with the standard, as in:

          ffmpeg -i myfile.avi -target vcd -bf 2 /tmp/vcd.mpg

     The parameters set for each target are as follows.

     VCD

          PAL:
          -f vcd -muxrate 1411200 -muxpreload 0.44 -packetsize 2324
          -s 352x288 -r 25
          -codec:v mpeg1video -g 15 -b:v 1150k -maxrate:v 1150k -minrate:v 1150k -bufsize:v 327680
          -ar 44100 -ac 2
          -codec:a mp2 -b:a 224k

          NTSC:
          -f vcd -muxrate 1411200 -muxpreload 0.44 -packetsize 2324
          -s 352x240 -r 30000/1001
          -codec:v mpeg1video -g 18 -b:v 1150k -maxrate:v 1150k -minrate:v 1150k -bufsize:v 327680
          -ar 44100 -ac 2
          -codec:a mp2 -b:a 224k

          FILM:
          -f vcd -muxrate 1411200 -muxpreload 0.44 -packetsize 2324
          -s 352x240 -r 24000/1001
          -codec:v mpeg1video -g 18 -b:v 1150k -maxrate:v 1150k -minrate:v 1150k -bufsize:v 327680
          -ar 44100 -ac 2
          -codec:a mp2 -b:a 224k

     SVCD

          PAL:
          -f svcd -packetsize 2324
          -s 480x576 -pix_fmt yuv420p -r 25
          -codec:v mpeg2video -g 15 -b:v 2040k -maxrate:v 2516k -minrate:v 0 -bufsize:v 1835008 -scan_offset 1
          -ar 44100
          -codec:a mp2 -b:a 224k

          NTSC:
          -f svcd -packetsize 2324
          -s 480x480 -pix_fmt yuv420p -r 30000/1001
          -codec:v mpeg2video -g 18 -b:v 2040k -maxrate:v 2516k -minrate:v 0 -bufsize:v 1835008 -scan_offset 1
          -ar 44100
          -codec:a mp2 -b:a 224k

          FILM:
          -f svcd -packetsize 2324
          -s 480x480 -pix_fmt yuv420p -r 24000/1001
          -codec:v mpeg2video -g 18 -b:v 2040k -maxrate:v 2516k -minrate:v 0 -bufsize:v 1835008 -scan_offset 1
          -ar 44100
          -codec:a mp2 -b:a 224k

     DVD

          PAL:
          -f dvd -muxrate 10080k -packetsize 2048
          -s 720x576 -pix_fmt yuv420p -r 25
          -codec:v mpeg2video -g 15 -b:v 6000k -maxrate:v 9000k -minrate:v 0 -bufsize:v 1835008
          -ar 48000
          -codec:a ac3 -b:a 448k

          NTSC:
          -f dvd -muxrate 10080k -packetsize 2048
          -s 720x480 -pix_fmt yuv420p -r 30000/1001
          -codec:v mpeg2video -g 18 -b:v 6000k -maxrate:v 9000k -minrate:v 0 -bufsize:v 1835008
          -ar 48000
          -codec:a ac3 -b:a 448k

          FILM:
          -f dvd -muxrate 10080k -packetsize 2048
          -s 720x480 -pix_fmt yuv420p -r 24000/1001
          -codec:v mpeg2video -g 18 -b:v 6000k -maxrate:v 9000k -minrate:v 0 -bufsize:v 1835008
          -ar 48000
          -codec:a ac3 -b:a 448k

     DV

          PAL:
          -f dv
          -s 720x576 -pix_fmt yuv420p -r 25
          -ar 48000 -ac 2

          NTSC:
          -f dv
          -s 720x480 -pix_fmt yuv411p -r 30000/1001
          -ar 48000 -ac 2

          FILM:
          -f dv
          -s 720x480 -pix_fmt yuv411p -r 24000/1001
          -ar 48000 -ac 2

     The dv50 target is identical to the dv target except that the pixel format set is yuv422p for all three standards.

     Any user-set value for a parameter above will override the target preset value. In that case, the output may not comply with the target standard.

-dn (input/output)
     As an input option, blocks all data streams of a file from being filtered or being automatically selected or mapped for any output. See -discard option to disable streams individually.

     As an output option, disables data recording i.e. automatic selection or mapping of any data stream. For full manual control see the -map option.

-dframes NUMBER (output)
     Set the number of data frames to output. This is an obsolete alias for -frames:d, which you should use instead.

-frames[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] FRAMECOUNT (output,per-stream)
     Stop writing to the stream after FRAMECOUNT frames.

-q[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] Q (output,per-stream)
-qscale[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] Q (output,per-stream)
     Use fixed quality scale (VBR). The meaning of Q/QSCALE is codec-dependent. If QSCALE is used without a STREAM_SPECIFIER then it applies only to the video stream, this is to maintain compatibility with previous behavior and as specifying the same codec specific value to 2 different codecs that is audio and video generally is not what is intended when no stream_specifier is used.

-filter[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] FILTERGRAPH (output,per-stream)
     Create the filtergraph specified by FILTERGRAPH and use it to filter the stream.

     FILTERGRAPH is a description of the filtergraph to apply to the stream, and must have a single input and a single output of the same type of the stream. In the filtergraph, the input is associated to the label in, and the output to the label out. See the ffmpeg-filters manual for more information about the filtergraph syntax.

     See the -filter_complex option if you want to create filtergraphs with multiple inputs and/or outputs.

-reinit_filter[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] INTEGER (input,per-stream)
     This boolean option determines if the filtergraph(s) to which this stream is fed gets reinitialized when input frame parameters change mid-stream. This option is enabled by default as most video and all audio filters cannot handle deviation in input frame properties. Upon reinitialization, existing filter state is lost, like e.g. the frame count n reference available in some filters. Any frames buffered at time of reinitialization are lost. The properties where a change triggers reinitialization are, for video, frame resolution or pixel format; for audio, sample format, sample rate, channel count or channel layout.

-drop_changed[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] INTEGER (input,per-stream)
     This boolean option determines whether a frame with differing frame parameters mid-stream gets dropped instead of leading to filtergraph reinitialization, as that would lead to loss of filter state. Generally useful to avoid corrupted yet decodable packets in live streaming inputs. Default is false.

-filter_threads NB_THREADS (global)
     Defines how many threads are used to process a filter pipeline. Each pipeline will produce a thread pool with this many threads available for parallel processing. The default is the number of available CPUs.

-filter_buffered_frames NB_FRAMES (global)
     Defines the maximum number of buffered frames allowed in a filtergraph. Under normal circumstances, a filtergraph should not buffer more than a few frames, especially if frames are being fed to it and read from it in a balanced way (which is the intended behavior in ffmpeg). That said, this option allows you to limit the total number of frames buffered across all links in a filtergraph. If more frames are generated, filtering is aborted and an error is returned. The default value is 0, which means no limit.

-pre[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] PRESET_NAME (output,per-stream)
     Specify the preset for matching stream(s).

-stats (global)
     Log encoding progress/statistics as "info"-level log (see -loglevel). It is on by default, to explicitly disable it you need to specify -nostats.

-stats_period TIME (global)
     Set period at which encoding progress/statistics are updated. Default is 0.5 seconds.

-print_graphs (global)
     Prints execution graph details to stderr in the format set via -print_graphs_format.

-print_graphs_file FILENAME (global)
     Writes execution graph details to the specified file in the format set via -print_graphs_format.

-print_graphs_format FORMAT (global)
     Sets the output format (available formats are: default, compact, csv, flat, ini, json, xml, mermaid, mermaidhtml) The default format is json.

-progress URL (global)
     Send program-friendly progress information to URL.

     Progress information is written periodically and at the end of the encoding process. It is made of "KEY=VALUE" lines. KEY consists of only alphanumeric characters. The last key of a sequence of progress information is always "progress" with the value "continue" or "end".

     The update period is set using -stats_period.

     For example, log progress information to stdout:

          ffmpeg -progress pipe:1 -i in.mkv out.mkv

-stdin
     Enable interaction on standard input. On by default unless standard input is used as an input. To explicitly disable interaction you need to specify -nostdin.

     Disabling interaction on standard input is useful, for example, if ffmpeg is in the background process group. Roughly the same result can be achieved with ffmpeg ... < /dev/null but it requires a shell.

-debug_ts (global)
     Print timestamp/latency information. It is off by default. This option is mostly useful for testing and debugging purposes, and the output format may change from one version to another, so it should not be employed by portable scripts.

     See also the option -fdebug ts.

-attach FILENAME (output)
     Add an attachment to the output file. This is supported by a few formats like Matroska for e.g. fonts used in rendering subtitles. Attachments are implemented as a specific type of stream, so this option will add a new stream to the file. It is then possible to use per-stream options on this stream in the usual way. Attachment streams created with this option will be created after all the other streams (i.e. those created with -map or automatic mappings).

     Note that for Matroska you also have to set the mimetype metadata tag:

          ffmpeg -i INPUT -attach DejaVuSans.ttf -metadata:s:2 mimetype=application/x-truetype-font out.mkv

     (assuming that the attachment stream will be third in the output file).

-dump_attachment[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] FILENAME (input,per-stream)
     Extract the matching attachment stream into a file named FILENAME. If FILENAME is empty, then the value of the filename metadata tag will be used.

     E.g. to extract the first attachment to a file named 'out.ttf':

          ffmpeg -dump_attachment:t:0 out.ttf -i INPUT

     To extract all attachments to files determined by the filename tag:

          ffmpeg -dump_attachment:t "" -i INPUT

     Technical note -- attachments are implemented as codec extradata, so this option can actually be used to extract extradata from any stream, not just attachments.

Video Options
=============

-vframes NUMBER (output)
     Set the number of video frames to output. This is an obsolete alias for -frames:v, which you should use instead.

-r[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] FPS (input/output,per-stream)
     Set frame rate (Hz value, fraction or abbreviation).

     As an input option, ignore any timestamps stored in the file and instead generate timestamps assuming constant frame rate FPS. This is not the same as the -framerate option used for some input formats like image2 or v4l2 (it used to be the same in older versions of FFmpeg). If in doubt use -framerate instead of the input option -r.

     As an output option:

     video encoding
          Duplicate or drop frames right before encoding them to achieve constant output frame rate FPS.

     video streamcopy
          Indicate to the muxer that FPS is the stream frame rate. No data is dropped or duplicated in this case. This may produce invalid files if FPS does not match the actual stream frame rate as determined by packet timestamps. See also the setts bitstream filter.

-fpsmax[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] FPS (output,per-stream)
     Set maximum frame rate (Hz value, fraction or abbreviation).

     Clamps output frame rate when output framerate is auto-set and is higher than this value. Useful in batch processing or when input framerate is wrongly detected as very high. It cannot be set together with -r. It is ignored during streamcopy.

-s[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] SIZE (input/output,per-stream)
     Set frame size.

     As an input option, this is a shortcut for the video_size private option, recognized by some demuxers for which the frame size is either not stored in the file or is configurable -- e.g. raw video or video grabbers.

     As an output option, this inserts the scale video filter to the end of the corresponding filtergraph. Please use the scale filter directly to insert it at the beginning or some other place.

     The format is wxh (default - same as source).

-aspect[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] ASPECT (output,per-stream)
     Set the video display aspect ratio specified by ASPECT.

     ASPECT can be a floating point number string, or a string of the form NUM:DEN, where NUM and DEN are the numerator and denominator of the aspect ratio. For example "4:3", "16:9", "1.3333", and "1.7777" are valid argument values.

     If used together with -vcodec copy, it will affect the aspect ratio stored at container level, but not the aspect ratio stored in encoded frames, if it exists.

-display_rotation[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] ROTATION (input,per-stream)
     Set video rotation metadata.

     ROTATION is a decimal number specifying the amount in degree by which the video should be rotated counter-clockwise before being displayed.

     This option overrides the rotation/display transform metadata stored in the file, if any. When the video is being transcoded (rather than copied) and -autorotate is enabled, the video will be rotated at the filtering stage. Otherwise, the metadata will be written into the output file if the muxer supports it.

     If the -display_hflip and/or -display_vflip options are given, they are applied after the rotation specified by this option.

-display_hflip[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] (input,per-stream)
     Set whether on display the image should be horizontally flipped.

     See the -display_rotation option for more details.

-display_vflip[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] (input,per-stream)
     Set whether on display the image should be vertically flipped.

     See the -display_rotation option for more details.

-mastering_display[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] G(%U,%U)B(%U,%U)R(%U,%U)WP(%U,%U)L(%U,%U) (input,per-stream)
     Set video mastering display metadata.

     G(%U,%U)B(%U,%U)R(%U,%U)WP(%U,%U)L(%U,%U) is a string specifying X,Y display primaries for GBR channels and white point (WP) in units of 0.00002, and max-min luminance (L) values in units of 0.0001 candela per meter square. The values are unsigned integers representing the numerator of a rational with an implicit denominator of 50000 for GBR and (WP), and implicit denominator 10000 for (L).

     This option overrides the mastering display metadata stored in the file, if any.

-content_light[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] %U,%U (input,per-stream)
     Set video content light metadata.

     %U,%U is a string specifying max content light level and maximum picture average light level.

     This option overrides the content light metadata stored in the file, if any.

-vn (input/output)
     As an input option, blocks all video streams of a file from being filtered or being automatically selected or mapped for any output. See -discard option to disable streams individually.

     As an output option, disables video recording i.e. automatic selection or mapping of any video stream. For full manual control see the -map option.

-vcodec CODEC (output)
     Set the video codec. This is an alias for -codec:v.

-pass[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] N (output,per-stream)
     Select the pass number (1 or 2). It is used to do two-pass video encoding. The statistics of the video are recorded in the first pass into a log file (see also the option -passlogfile), and in the second pass that log file is used to generate the video at the exact requested bitrate. On pass 1, you may just deactivate audio and set output to null, examples for Windows and Unix:

          ffmpeg -i foo.mov -c:v libxvid -pass 1 -an -f rawvideo -y NUL
          ffmpeg -i foo.mov -c:v libxvid -pass 1 -an -f rawvideo -y /dev/null

-passlogfile[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] PREFIX (output,per-stream)
     Set two-pass log file name prefix to PREFIX, the default file name prefix is ``ffmpeg2pass''. The complete file name will be PREFIX-N.log, where N is a number specific to the output stream

-vf FILTERGRAPH (output)
     Create the filtergraph specified by FILTERGRAPH and use it to filter the stream.

     This is an alias for -filter:v, see the -filter option.

-autorotate
     Automatically rotate the video according to file metadata. Enabled by default, use -noautorotate to disable it.

-autoscale
     Automatically scale the video according to the resolution of first frame. Enabled by default, use -noautoscale to disable it. When autoscale is disabled, all output frames of filter graph might not be in the same resolution and may be inadequate for some encoder/muxer. Therefore, it is not recommended to disable it unless you really know what you are doing. Disable autoscale at your own risk.

Advanced Video options
======================

-pix_fmt[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] FORMAT (input/output,per-stream)
     Set pixel format. Use -pix_fmts to show all the supported pixel formats. If the selected pixel format can not be selected, ffmpeg will print a warning and select the best pixel format supported by the encoder. If PIX_FMT is prefixed by a +, ffmpeg will exit with an error if the requested pixel format can not be selected, and automatic conversions inside filtergraphs are disabled. If PIX_FMT is a single +, ffmpeg selects the same pixel format as the input (or graph output) and automatic conversions are disabled.

-sws_flags FLAGS (input/output)
     Set default flags for the libswscale library. These flags are used by automatically inserted scale filters and those within simple filtergraphs, if not overridden within the filtergraph definition.

     See the ffmpeg-scaler manual (ffmpeg-scaler) for a list of scaler options.

-rc_override[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] OVERRIDE (output,per-stream)
     Rate control override for specific intervals, formatted as "int,int,int" list separated with slashes. Two first values are the beginning and end frame numbers, last one is quantizer to use if positive, or quality factor if negative.

-vstats
     Dump video coding statistics to vstats_HHMMSS.log. See the vstats file format section for the format description.

-vstats_file FILE
     Dump video coding statistics to FILE. See the vstats file format section for the format description.

-vstats_version FILE
     Specify which version of the vstats format to use. Default is 2. See the vstats file format section for the format description.

-vtag FOURCC/TAG (output)
     Force video tag/fourcc. This is an alias for -tag:v.

-force_key_frames[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] TIME[,TIME...] (output,per-stream)

-force_key_frames[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] expr:EXPR (output,per-stream)

-force_key_frames[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] source (output,per-stream)

-force_key_frames[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] scd_metadata (output,per-stream)

     FORCE_KEY_FRAMES can take arguments of the following form:

     TIME[,TIME...]
          If the argument consists of timestamps, ffmpeg will round the specified times to the nearest output timestamp as per the encoder time base and force a keyframe at the first frame having timestamp equal or greater than the computed timestamp. Note that if the encoder time base is too coarse, then the keyframes may be forced on frames with timestamps lower than the specified time. The default encoder time base is the inverse of the output framerate but may be set otherwise via -enc_time_base.

          If one of the times is "chapters[DELTA]", it is expanded into the time of the beginning of all chapters in the file, shifted by DELTA, expressed as a time in seconds. This option can be useful to ensure that a seek point is present at a chapter mark or any other designated place in the output file.

          For example, to insert a key frame at 5 minutes, plus key frames 0.1 second before the beginning of every chapter:

               -force_key_frames 0:05:00,chapters-0.1

     expr:EXPR
          If the argument is prefixed with expr:, the string EXPR is interpreted like an expression and is evaluated for each frame. A key frame is forced in case the evaluation is non-zero.

          The expression in EXPR can contain the following constants:

          n
               the number of current processed frame, starting from 0

          n_forced
               the number of forced frames

          prev_forced_n
               the number of the previous forced frame, it is NAN when no keyframe was forced yet

          prev_forced_t
               the time of the previous forced frame, it is NAN when no keyframe was forced yet

          t
               the time of the current processed frame

          For example to force a key frame every 5 seconds, you can specify:

               -force_key_frames expr:gte(t,n_forced*5)

          To force a key frame 5 seconds after the time of the last forced one, starting from second 13:

               -force_key_frames expr:if(isnan(prev_forced_t),gte(t,13),gte(t,prev_forced_t+5))

     source
          If the argument is source, ffmpeg will force a key frame if the current frame being encoded is marked as a key frame in its source. In cases where this particular source frame has to be dropped, enforce the next available frame to become a key frame instead.

     scd_metadata
          If the argument is scd_metadata, ffmpeg will force a key frame if the current frame contains a metadata entry with the key lavfi.scd.time. The metadata can be added by filters like scdet and scdet_vulkan. Avoid inserting filters that duplicate frames after scdet, as this can cause duplicate metadata for multiple frames and repeated insertion of key frames.

     Note that forcing too many keyframes is very harmful for the lookahead algorithms of certain encoders: using fixed-GOP options or similar would be more efficient.

-apply_cropping[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] SOURCE (input,per-stream)
     Automatically crop the video after decoding according to file metadata. Default is all.

     none (0)
          Don't apply any cropping metadata.

     all (1)
          Apply both codec and container level croppping. This is the default mode.

     codec (2)
          Apply codec level croppping.

     container (3)
          Apply container level croppping.

-copyinkf[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] (output,per-stream)
     When doing stream copy, copy also non-key frames found at the beginning.

-init_hw_device TYPE[=NAME][:DEVICE[,KEY=VALUE...]]
     Initialise a new hardware device of type TYPE called NAME, using the given device parameters. If no name is specified it will receive a default name of the form "TYPE%d".

     The meaning of DEVICE and the following arguments depends on the device type:

     cuda
          DEVICE is the number of the CUDA device.

          The following options are recognized:

          primary_ctx
               If set to 1, uses the primary device context instead of creating a new one.

          Examples:

          -init_hw_device cuda:1
               Choose the second device on the system.

          -init_hw_device cuda:0,primary_ctx=1
               Choose the first device and use the primary device context.

     dxva2
          DEVICE is the number of the Direct3D 9 display adapter.

     d3d11va
          DEVICE is the number of the Direct3D 11 display adapter. If not specified, it will attempt to use the default Direct3D 11 display adapter or the first Direct3D 11 display adapter whose hardware VendorId is specified by vendor_id.

          Examples:

          -init_hw_device d3d11va
               Create a d3d11va device on the default Direct3D 11 display adapter.

          -init_hw_device d3d11va:1
               Create a d3d11va device on the Direct3D 11 display adapter specified by index 1.

          -init_hw_device d3d11va:,vendor_id=0x8086
               Create a d3d11va device on the first Direct3D 11 display adapter whose hardware VendorId is 0x8086.

     vaapi
          DEVICE is either an X11 display name, a DRM render node or a DirectX adapter index. If not specified, it will attempt to open the default X11 display ($DISPLAY) and then the first DRM render node (/dev/dri/renderD128), or the default DirectX adapter on Windows.

          The following options are recognized:

          kernel_driver
               When DEVICE is not specified, use this option to specify the name of the kernel driver associated with the desired device. This option is available only when the hardware acceleration method drm and vaapi are enabled.

          vendor_id
               When DEVICE and KERNEL_DRIVER are not specified, use this option to specify the vendor id associated with the desired device. This option is available only when the hardware acceleration method drm and vaapi are enabled and kernel_driver is not specified.

          Examples:

          -init_hw_device vaapi
               Create a vaapi device on the default device.

          -init_hw_device vaapi:/dev/dri/renderD129
               Create a vaapi device on DRM render node /dev/dri/renderD129.

          -init_hw_device vaapi:1
               Create a vaapi device on DirectX adapter 1.

          -init_hw_device vaapi:,kernel_driver=i915
               Create a vaapi device on a device associated with kernel driver i915.

          -init_hw_device vaapi:,vendor_id=0x8086
               Create a vaapi device on a device associated with vendor id 0x8086.

     vdpau
          DEVICE is an X11 display name. If not specified, it will attempt to open the default X11 display ($DISPLAY).

     qsv
          DEVICE selects a value in MFX_IMPL_*. Allowed values are:

          auto

          sw

          hw

          auto_any

          hw_any

          hw2

          hw3

          hw4

          If not specified, auto_any is used. (Note that it may be easier to achieve the desired result for QSV by creating the platform-appropriate subdevice (dxva2 or d3d11va or vaapi) and then deriving a QSV device from that.)

          The following options are recognized:

          child_device
               Specify a DRM render node on Linux or DirectX adapter on Windows.

          child_device_type
               Choose platform-appropriate subdevice type. On Windows d3d11va is used as default subdevice type when --enable-libvpl is specified at configuration time, dxva2 is used as default subdevice type when --enable-libmfx is specified at configuration time. On Linux user can use vaapi only as subdevice type.

          Examples:

          -init_hw_device qsv:hw,child_device=/dev/dri/renderD129
               Create a QSV device with MFX_IMPL_HARDWARE on DRM render node /dev/dri/renderD129.

          -init_hw_device qsv:hw,child_device=1
               Create a QSV device with MFX_IMPL_HARDWARE on DirectX adapter 1.

          -init_hw_device qsv:hw,child_device_type=d3d11va
               Choose the GPU subdevice with type d3d11va and create QSV device with MFX_IMPL_HARDWARE.

          -init_hw_device qsv:hw,child_device_type=dxva2
               Choose the GPU subdevice with type dxva2 and create QSV device with MFX_IMPL_HARDWARE.

          -init_hw_device qsv:hw,child_device=1,child_device_type=d3d11va
               Create a QSV device with MFX_IMPL_HARDWARE on DirectX adapter 1 with subdevice type d3d11va.

          -init_hw_device vaapi=va:/dev/dri/renderD129 -init_hw_device qsv=hw1@VA
               Create a VAAPI device called va on /dev/dri/renderD129, then derive a QSV device called hw1 from device va.

     opencl
          DEVICE selects the platform and device as platform_index.device_index.

          The set of devices can also be filtered using the key-value pairs to find only devices matching particular platform or device strings.

          The strings usable as filters are:

          platform_profile

          platform_version

          platform_name

          platform_vendor

          platform_extensions

          device_name

          device_vendor

          driver_version

          device_version

          device_profile

          device_extensions

          device_type

          The indices and filters must together uniquely select a device.

          Examples:

          -init_hw_device opencl:0.1
               Choose the second device on the first platform.

          -init_hw_device opencl:,device_name=Foo9000
               Choose the device with a name containing the string Foo9000.

          -init_hw_device opencl:1,device_type=gpu,device_extensions=cl_khr_fp16
               Choose the GPU device on the second platform supporting the cl_khr_fp16 extension.

     vulkan
          If DEVICE is an integer, it selects the device by its index in a system-dependent list of devices.  If DEVICE is any other string, it selects the first device with a name containing that string as a substring.

          The following options are recognized:

          debug
               If set to 1, enables the validation layer, if installed.

          linear_images
               If set to 1, images allocated by the hwcontext will be linear and locally mappable.

          instance_extensions
               A plus separated list of additional instance extensions to enable.

          device_extensions
               A plus separated list of additional device extensions to enable.

          Examples:

          -init_hw_device vulkan:1
               Choose the second device on the system.

          -init_hw_device vulkan:RADV
               Choose the first device with a name containing the string RADV.

          -init_hw_device vulkan:0,instance_extensions=VK_KHR_wayland_surface+VK_KHR_xcb_surface
               Choose the first device and enable the Wayland and XCB instance extensions.

-init_hw_device TYPE[=NAME]@SOURCE
     Initialise a new hardware device of type TYPE called NAME, deriving it from the existing device with the name SOURCE.

-init_hw_device list
     List all hardware device types supported in this build of ffmpeg.

-filter_hw_device NAME
     Pass the hardware device called NAME to all filters in any filter graph. This can be used to set the device to upload to with the hwupload filter, or the device to map to with the hwmap filter.  Other filters may also make use of this parameter when they require a hardware device.  Note that this is typically only required when the input is not already in hardware frames - when it is, filters will derive the device they require from the context of the frames they receive as input.

     This is a global setting, so all filters will receive the same device.

-hwaccel[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] HWACCEL (input,per-stream)
     Use hardware acceleration to decode the matching stream(s). The allowed values of HWACCEL are:

     none
          Do not use any hardware acceleration (the default).

     auto
          Automatically select the hardware acceleration method.

     vdpau
          Use VDPAU (Video Decode and Presentation API for Unix) hardware acceleration.

     dxva2
          Use DXVA2 (DirectX Video Acceleration) hardware acceleration.

     d3d11va
          Use D3D11VA (DirectX Video Acceleration) hardware acceleration.

     vaapi
          Use VAAPI (Video Acceleration API) hardware acceleration.

     qsv
          Use the Intel QuickSync Video acceleration for video transcoding.

          Unlike most other values, this option does not enable accelerated decoding (that is used automatically whenever a qsv decoder is selected), but accelerated transcoding, without copying the frames into the system memory.

          For it to work, both the decoder and the encoder must support QSV acceleration and no filters must be used.

     videotoolbox
          Use Video Toolbox hardware acceleration.

     This option has no effect if the selected hwaccel is not available or not supported by the chosen decoder.

     Note that most acceleration methods are intended for playback and will not be faster than software decoding on modern CPUs. Additionally, ffmpeg will usually need to copy the decoded frames from the GPU memory into the system memory, resulting in further performance loss. This option is thus mainly useful for testing.

-hwaccel_device[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] HWACCEL_DEVICE (input,per-stream)
     Select a device to use for hardware acceleration.

     This option only makes sense when the -hwaccel option is also specified. It can either refer to an existing device created with -init_hw_device by name, or it can create a new device as if -init_hw_device TYPE:HWACCEL_DEVICE were called immediately before.

-hwaccels
     List all hardware acceleration components enabled in this build of ffmpeg. Actual runtime availability depends on the hardware and its suitable driver being installed.

-fix_sub_duration_heartbeat[:STREAM_SPECIFIER]
     Set a specific output video stream as the heartbeat stream according to which to split and push through currently in-progress subtitle upon receipt of a random access packet.

     This lowers the latency of subtitles for which the end packet or the following subtitle has not yet been received. As a drawback, this will most likely lead to duplication of subtitle events in order to cover the full duration, so when dealing with use cases where latency of when the subtitle event is passed on to output is not relevant this option should not be utilized.

     Requires -fix_sub_duration to be set for the relevant input subtitle stream for this to have any effect, as well as for the input subtitle stream having to be directly mapped to the same output in which the heartbeat stream resides.

Audio Options
=============

-aframes NUMBER (output)
     Set the number of audio frames to output. This is an obsolete alias for -frames:a, which you should use instead.

-ar[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] FREQ (input/output,per-stream)
     Set the audio sampling frequency. For output streams it is set by default to the frequency of the corresponding input stream. For input streams this option only makes sense for audio grabbing devices and raw demuxers and is mapped to the corresponding demuxer options.

-aq Q (output)
     Set the audio quality (codec-specific, VBR). This is an alias for -q:a.

-ac[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] CHANNELS (input/output,per-stream)
     Set the number of audio channels. For output streams it is set by default to the number of input audio channels. For input streams this option only makes sense for audio grabbing devices and raw demuxers and is mapped to the corresponding demuxer options.

-an (input/output)
     As an input option, blocks all audio streams of a file from being filtered or being automatically selected or mapped for any output. See -discard option to disable streams individually.

     As an output option, disables audio recording i.e. automatic selection or mapping of any audio stream. For full manual control see the -map option.

-acodec CODEC (input/output)
     Set the audio codec. This is an alias for -codec:a.

-sample_fmt[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] SAMPLE_FMT (output,per-stream)
     Set the audio sample format. Use -sample_fmts to get a list of supported sample formats.

-af FILTERGRAPH (output)
     Create the filtergraph specified by FILTERGRAPH and use it to filter the stream.

     This is an alias for -filter:a, see the -filter option.

Advanced Audio options
======================

-atag FOURCC/TAG (output)
     Force audio tag/fourcc. This is an alias for -tag:a.

-ch_layout[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] LAYOUT (input/output,per-stream)
     Alias for -channel_layout.

-channel_layout[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] LAYOUT (input/output,per-stream)
     Set the audio channel layout. For output streams it is set by default to the input channel layout. For input streams it overrides the channel layout of the input. Not all decoders respect the overridden channel layout. This option also sets the channel layout for audio grabbing devices and raw demuxers and is mapped to the corresponding demuxer option.

-guess_layout_max CHANNELS (input,per-stream)
     If some input channel layout is not known, try to guess only if it corresponds to at most the specified number of channels. For example, 2 tells to ffmpeg to recognize 1 channel as mono and 2 channels as stereo but not 6 channels as 5.1. The default is to always try to guess. Use 0 to disable all guessing. Using the -channel_layout option to explicitly specify an input layout also disables guessing.

Subtitle options
================

-scodec CODEC (input/output)
     Set the subtitle codec. This is an alias for -codec:s.

-sn (input/output)
     As an input option, blocks all subtitle streams of a file from being filtered or being automatically selected or mapped for any output. See -discard option to disable streams individually.

     As an output option, disables subtitle recording i.e. automatic selection or mapping of any subtitle stream. For full manual control see the -map option.

Advanced Subtitle options
=========================

-fix_sub_duration
     Fix subtitles durations. For each subtitle, wait for the next packet in the same stream and adjust the duration of the first to avoid overlap. This is necessary with some subtitles codecs, especially DVB subtitles, because the duration in the original packet is only a rough estimate and the end is actually marked by an empty subtitle frame. Failing to use this option when necessary can result in exaggerated durations or muxing failures due to non-monotonic timestamps.

     Note that this option will delay the output of all data until the next subtitle packet is decoded: it may increase memory consumption and latency a lot.

-canvas_size SIZE
     Set the size of the canvas used to render subtitles.

Advanced options
================

-map [-]INPUT_FILE_ID[:STREAM_SPECIFIER][:VIEW_SPECIFIER][:?] | [LINKLABEL] (output)

     Create one or more streams in the output file. This option has two forms for specifying the data source(s): the first selects one or more streams from some input file (specified with -i), the second takes an output from some complex filtergraph (specified with -filter_complex).

     In the first form, an output stream is created for every stream from the input file with the index INPUT_FILE_ID. If STREAM_SPECIFIER is given, only those streams that match the specifier are used (see the Stream specifiers section for the STREAM_SPECIFIER syntax).

     A - character before the stream identifier creates a "negative" mapping. It disables matching streams from already created mappings.

     An optional VIEW_SPECIFIER may be given after the stream specifier, which for multiview video specifies the view to be used. The view specifier may have one of the following formats:

     view:VIEW_ID
          select a view by its ID; VIEW_ID may be set to 'all' to use all the views interleaved into one stream;

     vidx:VIEW_IDX
          select a view by its index; i.e. 0 is the base view, 1 is the first non-base view, etc.

     vpos:POSITION
          select a view by its display position; POSITION may be left or right

     The default for transcoding is to only use the base view, i.e. the equivalent of vidx:0. For streamcopy, view specifiers are not supported and all views are always copied.

     A trailing ? after the stream index will allow the map to be optional: if the map matches no streams the map will be ignored instead of failing. Note the map will still fail if an invalid input file index is used; such as if the map refers to a non-existent input.

     An alternative [LINKLABEL] form will map outputs from complex filter graphs (see the -filter_complex option) to the output file. LINKLABEL must correspond to a defined output link label in the graph.

     This option may be specified multiple times, each adding more streams to the output file. Any given input stream may also be mapped any number of times as a source for different output streams, e.g. in order to use different encoding options and/or filters. The streams are created in the output in the same order in which the -map options are given on the commandline.

     Using this option disables the default mappings for this output file.

     Examples:

     map everything
          To map ALL streams from the first input file to output

               ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0 output

     select specific stream
          If you have two audio streams in the first input file, these streams are identified by 0:0 and 0:1. You can use -map to select which streams to place in an output file. For example:

               ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0:1 out.wav

          will map the second input stream in INPUT to the (single) output stream in out.wav.

     create multiple streams
          To select the stream with index 2 from input file a.mov (specified by the identifier 0:2), and stream with index 6 from input b.mov (specified by the identifier 1:6), and copy them to the output file out.mov:

               ffmpeg -i a.mov -i b.mov -c copy -map 0:2 -map 1:6 out.mov

     create multiple streams 2
          To select all video and the third audio stream from an input file:

               ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0:v -map 0:a:2 OUTPUT

     negative map
          To map all the streams except the second audio, use negative mappings

               ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0 -map -0:a:1 OUTPUT

     optional map
          To map the video and audio streams from the first input, and using the trailing ?, ignore the audio mapping if no audio streams exist in the first input:

               ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0:v -map 0:a? OUTPUT

     map by language
          To pick the English audio stream:

               ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0:m:language:eng OUTPUT

-ignore_unknown
     Ignore input streams with unknown type instead of failing if copying such streams is attempted.

-copy_unknown
     Allow input streams with unknown type to be copied instead of failing if copying such streams is attempted.

-map_metadata[:METADATA_SPEC_OUT] INFILE[:METADATA_SPEC_IN] (output,per-metadata)
     Set metadata information of the next output file from INFILE. Note that those are file indices (zero-based), not filenames. Optional METADATA_SPEC_IN/OUT parameters specify, which metadata to copy. A metadata specifier can have the following forms:

     G
          global metadata, i.e. metadata that applies to the whole file

     S[:STREAM_SPEC]
          per-stream metadata. STREAM_SPEC is a stream specifier as described in the Stream specifiers chapter. In an input metadata specifier, the first matching stream is copied from. In an output metadata specifier, all matching streams are copied to.

     C:CHAPTER_INDEX
          per-chapter metadata. CHAPTER_INDEX is the zero-based chapter index.

     P:PROGRAM_INDEX
          per-program metadata. PROGRAM_INDEX is the zero-based program index.

     If metadata specifier is omitted, it defaults to global.

     By default, global metadata is copied from the first input file, per-stream and per-chapter metadata is copied along with streams/chapters. These default mappings are disabled by creating any mapping of the relevant type. A negative file index can be used to create a dummy mapping that just disables automatic copying.

     For example to copy metadata from the first stream of the input file to global metadata of the output file:

          ffmpeg -i in.ogg -map_metadata 0:s:0 out.mp3

     To do the reverse, i.e. copy global metadata to all audio streams:

          ffmpeg -i in.mkv -map_metadata:s:a 0:g out.mkv

     Note that simple 0 would work as well in this example, since global metadata is assumed by default.

-map_chapters INPUT_FILE_INDEX (output)
     Copy chapters from input file with index INPUT_FILE_INDEX to the next output file. If no chapter mapping is specified, then chapters are copied from the first input file with at least one chapter. Use a negative file index to disable any chapter copying.

-benchmark (global)
     Show benchmarking information at the end of an encode. Shows real, system and user time used and maximum memory consumption. Maximum memory consumption is not supported on all systems, it will usually display as 0 if not supported.

-benchmark_all (global)
     Show benchmarking information during the encode. Shows real, system and user time used in various steps (audio/video encode/decode).

-timelimit DURATION (global)
     Exit after ffmpeg has been running for DURATION seconds in CPU user time.

-dump (global)
     Dump each input packet to stderr.

-hex (global)
     When dumping packets, also dump the payload.

-readrate SPEED (input)
     Limit input read speed.

     Its value is a floating-point positive number which represents the maximum duration of media, in seconds, that should be ingested in one second of wallclock time. Default value is zero and represents no imposed limitation on speed of ingestion. Value 1 represents real-time speed and is equivalent to -re.

     Mainly used to simulate a capture device or live input stream (e.g. when reading from a file). Should not be used with a low value when input is an actual capture device or live stream as it may cause packet loss.

     It is useful for when flow speed of output packets is important, such as live streaming.

-re (input)
     Read input at native frame rate. This is equivalent to setting -readrate 1.

-readrate_initial_burst SECONDS
     Set an initial read burst time, in seconds, after which -re/-readrate will be enforced.

-readrate_catchup SPEED (input)
     If either the input or output is blocked leading to actual read speed falling behind the specified readrate, then this rate takes effect till the input catches up with the specified readrate. Must not be lower than the primary readrate.

-vsync PARAMETER (global)
-fps_mode[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] PARAMETER (output,per-stream)
     Set video sync method / framerate mode. vsync is applied to all output video streams but can be overridden for a stream by setting fps_mode. vsync is deprecated and will be removed in the future.

     For compatibility reasons some of the values for vsync can be specified as numbers (shown in parentheses in the following table).

     passthrough (0)
          Each frame is passed with its timestamp from the demuxer to the muxer.

     cfr (1)
          Frames will be duplicated and dropped to achieve exactly the requested constant frame rate.

     vfr (2)
          Frames are passed through with their timestamp or dropped so as to prevent 2 frames from having the same timestamp.

     auto (-1)
          Chooses between cfr and vfr depending on muxer capabilities. This is the default method.

     Note that the timestamps may be further modified by the muxer, after this. For example, in the case that the format option avoid_negative_ts is enabled.

     With -map you can select from which stream the timestamps should be taken. You can leave either video or audio unchanged and sync the remaining stream(s) to the unchanged one.

-frame_drop_threshold PARAMETER
     Frame drop threshold, which specifies how much behind video frames can be before they are dropped. In frame rate units, so 1.0 is one frame. The default is -1.1. One possible usecase is to avoid framedrops in case of noisy timestamps or to increase frame drop precision in case of exact timestamps.

-apad PARAMETERS (output,per-stream)
     Pad the output audio stream(s). This is the same as applying -af apad. Argument is a string of filter parameters composed the same as with the apad filter. -shortest must be set for this output for the option to take effect.

-copyts
     Do not process input timestamps, but keep their values without trying to sanitize them. In particular, do not remove the initial start time offset value.

     Note that, depending on the vsync option or on specific muxer processing (e.g. in case the format option avoid_negative_ts is enabled) the output timestamps may mismatch with the input timestamps even when this option is selected.

-start_at_zero
     When used with copyts, shift input timestamps so they start at zero.

     This means that using e.g. -ss 50 will make output timestamps start at 50 seconds, regardless of what timestamp the input file started at.

-copytb MODE
     Specify how to set the encoder timebase when stream copying.  MODE is an integer numeric value, and can assume one of the following values:

     1
          Use the demuxer timebase.

          The time base is copied to the output encoder from the corresponding input demuxer. This is sometimes required to avoid non monotonically increasing timestamps when copying video streams with variable frame rate.

     0
          Use the decoder timebase.

          The time base is copied to the output encoder from the corresponding input decoder.

     -1
          Try to make the choice automatically, in order to generate a sane output.

     Default value is -1.

-enc_time_base[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] TIMEBASE (output,per-stream)
     Set the encoder timebase. TIMEBASE can assume one of the following values:

     0
          Assign a default value according to the media type.

          For video - use 1/framerate, for audio - use 1/samplerate.

     demux
          Use the timebase from the demuxer.

     filter
          Use the timebase from the filtergraph.

     a positive number
          Use the provided number as the timebase.

          This field can be provided as a ratio of two integers (e.g. 1:24, 1:48000) or as a decimal number (e.g. 0.04166, 2.0833e-5)

     Default value is 0.

-bitexact (input/output)
     Enable bitexact mode for (de)muxer and (de/en)coder

-shortest (output)
     Finish encoding when the shortest output stream ends.

     Note that this option may require buffering frames, which introduces extra latency. The maximum amount of this latency may be controlled with the -shortest_buf_duration option.

-shortest_buf_duration DURATION (output)
     The -shortest option may require buffering potentially large amounts of data when at least one of the streams is "sparse" (i.e. has large gaps between frames – this is typically the case for subtitles).

     This option controls the maximum duration of buffered frames in seconds. Larger values may allow the -shortest option to produce more accurate results, but increase memory use and latency.

     The default value is 10 seconds.

-dts_delta_threshold THRESHOLD
     Timestamp discontinuity delta threshold, expressed as a decimal number of seconds.

     The timestamp discontinuity correction enabled by this option is only applied to input formats accepting timestamp discontinuity (for which the AVFMT_TS_DISCONT flag is enabled), e.g. MPEG-TS and HLS, and is automatically disabled when employing the -copyts option (unless wrapping is detected).

     If a timestamp discontinuity is detected whose absolute value is greater than THRESHOLD, ffmpeg will remove the discontinuity by decreasing/increasing the current DTS and PTS by the corresponding delta value.

     The default value is 10.

-dts_error_threshold THRESHOLD
     Timestamp error delta threshold, expressed as a decimal number of seconds.

     The timestamp correction enabled by this option is only applied to input formats not accepting timestamp discontinuity (for which the AVFMT_TS_DISCONT flag is not enabled).

     If a timestamp discontinuity is detected whose absolute value is greater than THRESHOLD, ffmpeg will drop the PTS/DTS timestamp value.

     The default value is 3600*30 (30 hours), which is arbitrarily picked and quite conservative.

-muxdelay SECONDS (output)
     Set the maximum demux-decode delay.

-muxpreload SECONDS (output)
     Set the initial demux-decode delay.

-streamid OUTPUT-STREAM-INDEX:NEW-VALUE (output)
     Assign a new stream-id value to an output stream. This option should be specified prior to the output filename to which it applies. For the situation where multiple output files exist, a streamid may be reassigned to a different value.

     For example, to set the stream 0 PID to 33 and the stream 1 PID to 36 for an output mpegts file:

          ffmpeg -i inurl -streamid 0:33 -streamid 1:36 out.ts

-bsf[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] BITSTREAM_FILTERS (input/output,per-stream)
     Apply bitstream filters to matching streams. The filters are applied to each packet as it is received from the demuxer (when used as an input option) or before it is sent to the muxer (when used as an output option).

     BITSTREAM_FILTERS is a comma-separated list of bitstream filter specifications, each of the form

          FILTER[=OPTNAME0=OPTVAL0:OPTNAME1=OPTVAL1:...]

     Any of the ',=:' characters that are to be a part of an option value need to be escaped with a backslash.

     Use the -bsfs option to get the list of bitstream filters.

     E.g.

          ffmpeg -bsf:v h264_mp4toannexb -i h264.mp4 -c:v copy -an out.h264

     applies the h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter (which converts MP4-encapsulated H.264 stream to Annex B) to the input video stream.

     On the other hand,

          ffmpeg -i file.mov -an -vn -bsf:s mov2textsub -c:s copy -f rawvideo sub.txt

     applies the mov2textsub bitstream filter (which extracts text from MOV subtitles) to the output subtitle stream. Note, however, that since both examples use -c copy, it matters little whether the filters are applied on input or output - that would change if transcoding was happening.

-tag[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] CODEC_TAG (input/output,per-stream)
     Force a tag/fourcc for matching streams.

-timecode HH:MM:SSSEPFF
     Specify Timecode for writing. SEP is ':' for non drop timecode and ';' (or '.') for drop.

          ffmpeg -i input.mpg -timecode 01:02:03.04 -r 30000/1001 -s ntsc output.mpg

-filter_complex FILTERGRAPH (global)
     Define a complex filtergraph, i.e. one with arbitrary number of inputs and/or outputs. For simple graphs -- those with one input and one output of the same type -- see the -filter options. FILTERGRAPH is a description of the filtergraph, as described in the ``Filtergraph syntax'' section of the ffmpeg-filters manual. This option may be specified multiple times - each use creates a new complex filtergraph.

     Inputs to a complex filtergraph may come from different source types, distinguished by the format of the corresponding link label:

       * To connect an input stream, use [file_index:stream_specifier] (i.e. the same syntax as -map). If STREAM_SPECIFIER matches multiple streams, the first one will be used. For multiview video, the stream specifier may be followed by the view specifier, see documentation for the -map option for its syntax.

       * To connect a loopback decoder use [dec:DEC_IDX], where DEC_IDX is the index of the loopback decoder to be connected to given input. For multiview video, the decoder index may be followed by the view specifier, see documentation for the -map option for its syntax.

       * To connect an output from another complex filtergraph, use its link label. E.g the following example:

               ffmpeg -i input.mkv \
                 -filter_complex '[0:v]scale=size=hd1080,split=outputs=2[for_enc][orig_scaled]' \
                 -c:v libx264 -map '[for_enc]' output.mkv \
                 -dec 0:0 \
                 -filter_complex '[dec:0][orig_scaled]hstack[stacked]' \
                 -map '[stacked]' -c:v ffv1 comparison.mkv

          reads an input video and

            * (line 2) uses a complex filtergraph with one input and two outputs to scale the video to 1920x1080 and duplicate the result to both outputs;

            * (line 3) encodes one scaled output with libx264 and writes the result to output.mkv;

            * (line 4) decodes this encoded stream with a loopback decoder;

            * (line 5) places the output of the loopback decoder (i.e. the libx264-encoded video) side by side with the scaled original input;

            * (line 6) combined video is then losslessly encoded and written into comparison.mkv.

          Note that the two filtergraphs cannot be combined into one, because then there would be a cycle in the transcoding pipeline (filtergraph output goes to encoding, from there to decoding, then back to the same graph), and such cycles are not allowed.

     An unlabeled input will be connected to the first unused input stream of the matching type.

     Output link labels are referred to with -map. Unlabeled outputs are added to the first output file.

     Note that with this option it is possible to use only lavfi sources without normal input files.

     For example, to overlay an image over video

          ffmpeg -i video.mkv -i image.png -filter_complex '[0:v][1:v]overlay[out]' -map
          '[out]' out.mkv

     Here [0:v] refers to the first video stream in the first input file, which is linked to the first (main) input of the overlay filter. Similarly the first video stream in the second input is linked to the second (overlay) input of overlay.

     Assuming there is only one video stream in each input file, we can omit input labels, so the above is equivalent to

          ffmpeg -i video.mkv -i image.png -filter_complex 'overlay[out]' -map
          '[out]' out.mkv

     Furthermore we can omit the output label and the single output from the filter graph will be added to the output file automatically, so we can simply write

          ffmpeg -i video.mkv -i image.png -filter_complex 'overlay' out.mkv

     As a special exception, you can use a bitmap subtitle stream as input: it will be converted into a video with the same size as the largest video in the file, or 720x576 if no video is present. Note that this is an experimental and temporary solution. It will be removed once libavfilter has proper support for subtitles.

     For example, to hardcode subtitles on top of a DVB-T recording stored in MPEG-TS format, delaying the subtitles by 1 second:

          ffmpeg -i input.ts -filter_complex \
            '[#0x2ef] setpts=PTS+1/TB [sub] ; [#0x2d0] [sub] overlay' \
            -sn -map '#0x2dc' output.mkv

     (0x2d0, 0x2dc and 0x2ef are the MPEG-TS PIDs of respectively the video, audio and subtitles streams; 0:0, 0:3 and 0:7 would have worked too)

     To generate 5 seconds of pure red video using lavfi color source:

          ffmpeg -filter_complex 'color=c=red' -t 5 out.mkv

-filter_complex_threads NB_THREADS (global)
     Defines how many threads are used to process a filter_complex graph. Similar to filter_threads but used for -filter_complex graphs only. The default is the number of available CPUs.

-lavfi FILTERGRAPH (global)
     Define a complex filtergraph, i.e. one with arbitrary number of inputs and/or outputs. Equivalent to -filter_complex.

-accurate_seek (input)
     This option enables or disables accurate seeking in input files with the -ss option. It is enabled by default, so seeking is accurate when transcoding. Use -noaccurate_seek to disable it, which may be useful e.g. when copying some streams and transcoding the others.

-seek_timestamp (input)
     This option enables or disables seeking by timestamp in input files with the -ss option. It is disabled by default. If enabled, the argument to the -ss option is considered an actual timestamp, and is not offset by the start time of the file. This matters only for files which do not start from timestamp 0, such as transport streams.

-thread_queue_size SIZE (input/output)
     For input, this option sets the maximum number of queued packets when reading from the file or device. With low latency / high rate live streams, packets may be discarded if they are not read in a timely manner; setting this value can force ffmpeg to use a separate input thread and read packets as soon as they arrive. By default ffmpeg only does this if multiple inputs are specified.

     For output, this option specified the maximum number of packets that may be queued to each muxing thread.

-sdp_file FILE (global)
     Print sdp information for an output stream to FILE. This allows dumping sdp information when at least one output isn't an rtp stream. (Requires at least one of the output formats to be rtp).

-discard (input)
     Allows discarding specific streams or frames from streams. Any input stream can be fully discarded, using value all whereas selective discarding of frames from a stream occurs at the demuxer and is not supported by all demuxers.

     none
          Discard no frame.

     default
          Default, which discards no frames.

     noref
          Discard all non-reference frames.

     bidir
          Discard all bidirectional frames.

     nokey
          Discard all frames excepts keyframes.

     all
          Discard all frames.

-abort_on FLAGS (global)
     Stop and abort on various conditions. The following flags are available:

     empty_output
          No packets were passed to the muxer, the output is empty.

     empty_output_stream
          No packets were passed to the muxer in some of the output streams.

-max_error_rate (global)
     Set fraction of decoding frame failures across all inputs which when crossed ffmpeg will return exit code 69. Crossing this threshold does not terminate processing. Range is a floating-point number between 0 to 1. Default is 2/3.

-xerror (global)
     Stop and exit on error

-max_muxing_queue_size PACKETS (output,per-stream)
     When transcoding audio and/or video streams, ffmpeg will not begin writing into the output until it has one packet for each such stream. While waiting for that to happen, packets for other streams are buffered. This option sets the size of this buffer, in packets, for the matching output stream.

     The default value of this option should be high enough for most uses, so only touch this option if you are sure that you need it.

-muxing_queue_data_threshold BYTES (output,per-stream)
     This is a minimum threshold until which the muxing queue size is not taken into account. Defaults to 50 megabytes per stream, and is based on the overall size of packets passed to the muxer.

-auto_conversion_filters (global)
     Enable automatically inserting format conversion filters in all filter graphs, including those defined by -vf, -af, -filter_complex and -lavfi. If filter format negotiation requires a conversion, the initialization of the filters will fail. Conversions can still be performed by inserting the relevant conversion filter (scale, aresample) in the graph. On by default, to explicitly disable it you need to specify -noauto_conversion_filters.

-bits_per_raw_sample[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] VALUE (output,per-stream)
     Declare the number of bits per raw sample in the given output stream to be VALUE. Note that this option sets the information provided to the encoder/muxer, it does not change the stream to conform to this value. Setting values that do not match the stream properties may result in encoding failures or invalid output files.

-stats_enc_pre[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] PATH (output,per-stream)

-stats_enc_post[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] PATH (output,per-stream)

-stats_mux_pre[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] PATH (output,per-stream)
     Write per-frame encoding information about the matching streams into the file given by PATH.

     -stats_enc_pre writes information about raw video or audio frames right before they are sent for encoding, while -stats_enc_post writes information about encoded packets as they are received from the encoder. -stats_mux_pre writes information about packets just as they are about to be sent to the muxer. Every frame or packet produces one line in the specified file. The format of this line is controlled by -stats_enc_pre_fmt / -stats_enc_post_fmt / -stats_mux_pre_fmt.

     When stats for multiple streams are written into a single file, the lines corresponding to different streams will be interleaved. The precise order of this interleaving is not specified and not guaranteed to remain stable between different invocations of the program, even with the same options.

-stats_enc_pre_fmt[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] FORMAT_SPEC (output,per-stream)

-stats_enc_post_fmt[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] FORMAT_SPEC (output,per-stream)

-stats_mux_pre_fmt[:STREAM_SPECIFIER] FORMAT_SPEC (output,per-stream)
     Specify the format for the lines written with -stats_enc_pre / -stats_enc_post / -stats_mux_pre.

     FORMAT_SPEC is a string that may contain directives of the form {FMT}. FORMAT_SPEC is backslash-escaped --- use \{, \}, and \\ to write a literal {, }, or \, respectively, into the output.

     The directives given with FMT may be one of the following:

     fidx
          Index of the output file.

     sidx
          Index of the output stream in the file.

     n
          Frame number. Pre-encoding: number of frames sent to the encoder so far. Post-encoding: number of packets received from the encoder so far. Muxing: number of packets submitted to the muxer for this stream so far.

     ni
          Input frame number. Index of the input frame (i.e. output by a decoder) that corresponds to this output frame or packet. -1 if unavailable.

     tb
          Timebase in which this frame/packet's timestamps are expressed, as a rational number NUM/DEN. Note that encoder and muxer may use different timebases.

     tbi
          Timebase for PTSI, as a rational number NUM/DEN. Available when PTSI is available, 0/1 otherwise.

     pts
          Presentation timestamp of the frame or packet, as an integer. Should be multiplied by the timebase to compute presentation time.

     ptsi
          Presentation timestamp of the input frame (see NI), as an integer. Should be multiplied by TBI to compute presentation time. Printed as (2^63 - 1 = 9223372036854775807) when not available.

     t
          Presentation time of the frame or packet, as a decimal number. Equal to PTS multiplied by TB.

     ti
          Presentation time of the input frame (see NI), as a decimal number. Equal to PTSI multiplied by TBI. Printed as inf when not available.

     dts (packet)
          Decoding timestamp of the packet, as an integer. Should be multiplied by the timebase to compute presentation time.

     dt (packet)
          Decoding time of the frame or packet, as a decimal number. Equal to DTS multiplied by TB.

     sn (frame,audio)
          Number of audio samples sent to the encoder so far.

     samp (frame,audio)
          Number of audio samples in the frame.

     size (packet)
          Size of the encoded packet in bytes.

     br (packet)
          Current bitrate in bits per second.

     abr (packet)
          Average bitrate for the whole stream so far, in bits per second, -1 if it cannot be determined at this point.

     key (packet)
          Character 'K' if the packet contains a keyframe, character 'N' otherwise.

     Directives tagged with packet may only be used with -stats_enc_post_fmt and -stats_mux_pre_fmt.

     Directives tagged with frame may only be used with -stats_enc_pre_fmt.

     Directives tagged with audio may only be used with audio streams.

     The default format strings are:

     pre-encoding
          {fidx} {sidx} {n} {t}

     post-encoding
          {fidx} {sidx} {n} {t}

     In the future, new items may be added to the end of the default formatting strings. Users who depend on the format staying exactly the same, should prescribe it manually.

     Note that stats for different streams written into the same file may have different formats.

Preset files
============

A preset file contains a sequence of OPTION=VALUE pairs, one for each line, specifying a sequence of options which would be awkward to specify on the command line. Lines starting with the hash ('#') character are ignored and are used to provide comments. Check the presets directory in the FFmpeg source tree for examples.

There are two types of preset files: ffpreset and avpreset files.

ffpreset files
--------------

ffpreset files are specified with the vpre, apre, spre, and fpre options. The fpre option takes the filename of the preset instead of a preset name as input and can be used for any kind of codec. For the vpre, apre, and spre options, the options specified in a preset file are applied to the currently selected codec of the same type as the preset option.

The argument passed to the vpre, apre, and spre preset options identifies the preset file to use according to the following rules:

First ffmpeg searches for a file named ARG.ffpreset in the directories $FFMPEG_DATADIR (if set), and $HOME/.ffmpeg, and in the datadir defined at configuration time (usually PREFIX/share/ffmpeg) or in a ffpresets folder along the executable on win32, in that order. For example, if the argument is libvpx-1080p, it will search for the file libvpx-1080p.ffpreset.

If no such file is found, then ffmpeg will search for a file named CODEC_NAME-ARG.ffpreset in the above-mentioned directories, where CODEC_NAME is the name of the codec to which the preset file options will be applied. For example, if you select the video codec with -vcodec libvpx and use -vpre 1080p, then it will search for the file libvpx-1080p.ffpreset.

avpreset files
--------------

avpreset files are specified with the pre option. They work similar to ffpreset files, but they only allow encoder- specific options. Therefore, an OPTION=VALUE pair specifying an encoder cannot be used.

When the pre option is specified, ffmpeg will look for files with the suffix .avpreset in the directories $AVCONV_DATADIR (if set), and $HOME/.avconv, and in the datadir defined at configuration time (usually PREFIX/share/ffmpeg), in that order.

First ffmpeg searches for a file named CODEC_NAME-ARG.avpreset in the above-mentioned directories, where CODEC_NAME is the name of the codec to which the preset file options will be applied. For example, if you select the video codec with -vcodec libvpx and use -pre 1080p, then it will search for the file libvpx-1080p.avpreset.

If no such file is found, then ffmpeg will search for a file named ARG.avpreset in the same directories.

vstats file format
==================

The -vstats and -vstats_file options enable generation of a file containing statistics about the generated video outputs.

The -vstats_version option controls the format version of the generated file.

With version 1 the format is:

     frame= FRAME q= FRAME_QUALITY PSNR= PSNR f_size= FRAME_SIZE s_size= STREAM_SIZEkB time= TIMESTAMP br= BITRATEkbits/s avg_br= AVERAGE_BITRATEkbits/s

With version 2 the format is:

     out= OUT_FILE_INDEX st= OUT_FILE_STREAM_INDEX frame= FRAME_NUMBER q= FRAME_QUALITYf PSNR= PSNR f_size= FRAME_SIZE s_size= STREAM_SIZEkB time= TIMESTAMP br= BITRATEkbits/s avg_br= AVERAGE_BITRATEkbits/s

The value corresponding to each key is described below:

avg_br
     average bitrate expressed in Kbits/s

br
     bitrate expressed in Kbits/s

frame
     number of encoded frame

out
     out file index

PSNR
     Peak Signal to Noise Ratio

q
     quality of the frame

f_size
     encoded packet size expressed as number of bytes

s_size
     stream size expressed in KiB

st
     out file stream index

time
     time of the packet

type
     picture type

See also the -stats_enc options for an alternative way to show encoding statistics.

Examples
********

Video and Audio grabbing
========================

If you specify the input format and device then ffmpeg can grab video and audio directly.

     ffmpeg -f oss -i /dev/dsp -f video4linux2 -i /dev/video0 /tmp/out.mpg

Or with an ALSA audio source (mono input, card id 1) instead of OSS:

     ffmpeg -f alsa -ac 1 -i hw:1 -f video4linux2 -i /dev/video0 /tmp/out.mpg

Note that you must activate the right video source and channel before launching ffmpeg with any TV viewer such as xawtv (http://linux.bytesex.org/xawtv/) by Gerd Knorr. You also have to set the audio recording levels correctly with a standard mixer.

X11 grabbing
============

Grab the X11 display with ffmpeg via

     ffmpeg -f x11grab -video_size cif -framerate 25 -i :0.0 /tmp/out.mpg

0.0 is display.screen number of your X11 server, same as the DISPLAY environment variable.

     ffmpeg -f x11grab -video_size cif -framerate 25 -i :0.0+10,20 /tmp/out.mpg

0.0 is display.screen number of your X11 server, same as the DISPLAY environment variable. 10 is the x-offset and 20 the y-offset for the grabbing.

Video and Audio file format conversion
======================================

Any supported file format and protocol can serve as input to ffmpeg:

Examples:

  * You can use YUV files as input:

          ffmpeg -i /tmp/test%d.Y /tmp/out.mpg

     It will use the files:

          /tmp/test0.Y, /tmp/test0.U, /tmp/test0.V,
          /tmp/test1.Y, /tmp/test1.U, /tmp/test1.V, etc...

     The Y files use twice the resolution of the U and V files. They are raw files, without header. They can be generated by all decent video decoders. You must specify the size of the image with the -s option if ffmpeg cannot guess it.

  * You can input from a raw YUV420P file:

          ffmpeg -i /tmp/test.yuv /tmp/out.avi

     test.yuv is a file containing raw YUV planar data. Each frame is composed of the Y plane followed by the U and V planes at half vertical and horizontal resolution.

  * You can output to a raw YUV420P file:

          ffmpeg -i mydivx.avi hugefile.yuv

  * You can set several input files and output files:

          ffmpeg -i /tmp/a.wav -s 640x480 -i /tmp/a.yuv /tmp/a.mpg

     Converts the audio file a.wav and the raw YUV video file a.yuv to MPEG file a.mpg.

  * You can also do audio and video conversions at the same time:

          ffmpeg -i /tmp/a.wav -ar 22050 /tmp/a.mp2

     Converts a.wav to MPEG audio at 22050 Hz sample rate.

  * You can encode to several formats at the same time and define a mapping from input stream to output streams:

          ffmpeg -i /tmp/a.wav -map 0:a -b:a 64k /tmp/a.mp2 -map 0:a -b:a 128k /tmp/b.mp2

     Converts a.wav to a.mp2 at 64 kbits and to b.mp2 at 128 kbits. '-map file:index' specifies which input stream is used for each output stream, in the order of the definition of output streams.

  * You can transcode decrypted VOBs:

          ffmpeg -i snatch_1.vob -f avi -c:v mpeg4 -b:v 800k -g 300 -bf 2 -c:a libmp3lame -b:a 128k snatch.avi

     This is a typical DVD ripping example; the input is a VOB file, the output an AVI file with MPEG-4 video and MP3 audio. Note that in this command we use B-frames so the MPEG-4 stream is DivX5 compatible, and GOP size is 300 which means one intra frame every 10 seconds for 29.97fps input video. Furthermore, the audio stream is MP3-encoded so you need to enable LAME support by passing --enable-libmp3lame to configure. The mapping is particularly useful for DVD transcoding to get the desired audio language.

     NOTE: To see the supported input formats, use ffmpeg -demuxers.

  * You can extract images from a video, or create a video from many images:

     For extracting images from a video:

          ffmpeg -i foo.avi -r 1 -s WxH -f image2 foo-%03d.jpeg

     This will extract one video frame per second from the video and will output them in files named foo-001.jpeg, foo-002.jpeg, etc. Images will be rescaled to fit the new WxH values.

     If you want to extract just a limited number of frames, you can use the above command in combination with the -frames:v or -t option, or in combination with -ss to start extracting from a certain point in time.

     For creating a video from many images:

          ffmpeg -f image2 -framerate 12 -i foo-%03d.jpeg -s WxH foo.avi

     The syntax foo-%03d.jpeg specifies to use a decimal number composed of three digits padded with zeroes to express the sequence number. It is the same syntax supported by the C printf function, but only formats accepting a normal integer are suitable.

     When importing an image sequence, -i also supports expanding shell-like wildcard patterns (globbing) internally, by selecting the image2-specific -pattern_type glob option.

     For example, for creating a video from filenames matching the glob pattern foo-*.jpeg:

          ffmpeg -f image2 -pattern_type glob -framerate 12 -i 'foo-*.jpeg' -s WxH foo.avi

  * You can put many streams of the same type in the output:

          ffmpeg -i test1.avi -i test2.avi -map 1:1 -map 1:0 -map 0:1 -map 0:0 -c copy -y test12.nut

     The resulting output file test12.nut will contain the first four streams from the input files in reverse order.

  * To force CBR video output:

          ffmpeg -i myfile.avi -b 4000k -minrate 4000k -maxrate 4000k -bufsize 1835k out.m2v

  * The four options lmin, lmax, mblmin and mblmax use 'lambda' units, but you may use the QP2LAMBDA constant to easily convert from 'q' units:

          ffmpeg -i src.ext -lmax 21*QP2LAMBDA dst.ext

     [file config.texi not included]

See Also
********

ffplay(1), ffprobe(1), ffmpeg-utils(1), ffmpeg-scaler(1), ffmpeg-resampler(1), ffmpeg-codecs(1), ffmpeg-bitstream-filters(1), ffmpeg-formats(1), ffmpeg-devices(1), ffmpeg-protocols(1), ffmpeg-filters(1)

     [file authors.texi not included]